Lecture Test 2 (Ch.4)

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A collection of similar cells that have a specific function. There are 4 types of tissue.

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

Covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways, provide sensation and forms glands.

Question 3

Connective Tissue

Answer 3

Fills spaces, supports other tissue, transports material and stores energy.

Question 4

Muscle Tissue

Answer 4

Specialized for movement.

Question 5

Neural Tissue

Answer 5

Carries electrical signals throughout the body.

Question 6

Epithelea

Answer 6

The layers of cells that cover (houses) all surfaces of the body (internal and external).

Question 7

Glands

Answer 7

Formed from epithelial that secretes or excretes fluids.

Question 8

Apical Surface of Epitheleal

Answer 8

Outer or exposed surface.

Question 9

Basal

Answer 9

Deeper surface attached to connective tissue.

Question 10

Avascular

Answer 10

No independent blood supply.

Question 11

Keratin

Answer 11

Adds strength and water resistance to epithelea.

Question 12

Simple Squamous Epithelea

Answer 12

Absorption and diffusion

Question 13

Mesothelium

Answer 13

Lines body cavities

Question 14

Endothelium

Answer 14

Lines heart and blood vessels

Question 15

Stratified Squamous Epithelea

Answer 15

Protects against trauma (skin, mouth, anus)

Question 16

Simple Cuboidal Epithelea

Answer 16

Secretion and absorption (glands, ducts)

Question 17

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelea

Answer 17

Sweat ducts and mammary ducts

Question 18

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 18

Ability to stretch and retain shape (bladder)

Question 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 19

Absorption and secretion (stomach)

Question 20

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 20

Cilia movement (nasal cavity, bronchi)

Question 21

Stratified Columnar Epitheleum

Answer 21

Protection (pharynx, epiglottis, anus)

Question 22

Endocrine Gland

Answer 22

No ducts. Release hormones into insterstitial fluid.

Question 23

Exocrine Gland

Answer 23

With ducts. Produce secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

Question 24

Extracellular Connective Tissue (The Matrix)

Answer 24

Lots of extracellular material with few cells.

Question 25

Connective Tissue Proper

Answer 25

Loose and dense connective tissue that connects and protects.

Question 26

Fluid Connective Tissue

Answer 26

Responsible for transport as in blood and lymphatic fluids.

Question 27

Supporting Connective Tissue

Answer 27

Provides structural strength (cartilage and bone)

Question 28

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 28

Adipose (fatty) tissue

Question 29

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 29

Tendons. Highly composed of collagen.

Question 30

Fibroblasts

Answer 30

Most abundant cell type found in all connective tissue proper. Secretes proteins and cellular cement (hyaluronan)

Question 31

Fibrocytes

Answer 31

Second most abundant found in all connective tissue proper. Maintains the fibers of connective tissue proper.

Question 32

Adipocytes

Answer 32

Fat cells

Question 33

Mesenchymal Cells

Answer 33

Responds to injury or infection.

Question 34

Macrophages

Answer 34

Eats pathogens and damaged cells.

Question 35

Mast Cells

Answer 35

Stimulates inflammation after injury or infection.

Question 36

Lymphocytes

Answer 36

Immune cells in lymphatic system.

Question 37

Microphages

Answer 37

Phagocytic blood cells that respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells.

Question 38

Melanocytes

Answer 38

Produces melanin (skin pigment)

Question 39

Collagen Fibers

Answer 39

Long straight, strong and flexible fibers that resist force in one direction. (tendons and ligaments)

Question 40

Reticula Fibers

Answer 40

Network of interwoven fibers that are strong and flexible. They resist force in many directions. (sheaths around organs)

Question 41

Elastic Fibers

Answer 41

Contains elastin and can maintain shape after being stretched. (ligaments of vertebrae)

Question 42

Mucous Membrane

Answer 42

Lines passageways that have esternal connections (urinary, respiratory, digestive, reproductive) and must be moist to reduce friction and for absorption/excretion. Lamina propria is areolar tissue.

Question 43

Serous Membrane

Answer 43

Lines cavities not exposed to outside. Thin and strong. Parietal portions cover the cavity and visceral portions cover the organs.

Question 44

Name the 3 types of Serous Membranes.

Answer 44

Pleura - pleural cavity and lungs Peritoneum - peritoneal cavity and abdominal organs Pericardium - pericardial cavity and heart

Question 45

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 45

The skin

Question 46

Synovial Membrane

Answer 46

Produces synovial fluid. Lines articulating joints and protects the end of bones.

Question 47

Fascia

Answer 47

Deep below the subcutaneous level

Question 48

Deep Fascia

Answer 48

Dense connective tissue (ligaments, tendons)

Question 49

Subserous Fascia

Answer 49

Below the serous membrane