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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 6 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 primary functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Support
Storage of minerals and lipids
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage
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2
Q

Process

A

Projection or bump

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3
Q

Ramus

A

Extension of bone forming an angle

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4
Q

Foramen

A

Rounded passageway or hole for blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

Sinus

A

Chamber within a bone

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6
Q

Fissure

A

Deep furrow, cleft or slit

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7
Q

Meatus

A

Passage or channel

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8
Q

Canal

A

Duct or channel

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9
Q

Sulcus

A

Narrow groove

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10
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression

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11
Q

Trochanter

A

Large rough projection

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12
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge

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13
Q

Spine

A

Pointed process

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14
Q

Line

A

Low ridge

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15
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection

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16
Q

Tuberosity

A

Rough projection

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17
Q

Head

A

Expanded articular end of epiphysis

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18
Q

Neck

A

Connection between epiphysis and diaphysis

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19
Q

Facet

A

Small, flat articular surface

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20
Q

Condyle

A

Smooth rounded articular process

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21
Q

Trochlea

A

Smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

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22
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft

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23
Q

Epiphysis

A

The articulating ends

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24
Q

Metaphysis

A

Meeting place of diaphysis and epiphysis

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25
Q

Compact Bone (Cortex)

A

Strong dense bones

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26
Q

Spongy Bone (Cancellous)

A

Soft bone that decreases weight

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27
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and live in the lacunae (layers).

28
Q

How do osteocytes connect and receive nutrients?

A

Through the canaliculi

29
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells that produce osteoids that forms the matrix (osteogenesis).

30
Q

What produces osteoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

31
Q

What produces osteoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

32
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

They dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis)

33
Q

What is the basic unit of Compact bone?

A

Osteons

34
Q

What is the structure of Compact bone?

A

They live within Circumferential Lamellae

35
Q

What is the structure of Spongy bones?

A

Contain no osteons and is an open network of trabeculae.

36
Q

What covers the outer layer of compact bones?

A

Periosteum

37
Q

What is the function of Periosteum?

A

It isolates bones from surrounding tissues.
Provides a route for circulation and nerves.
Participates in bone growth and repair.

38
Q

What is Endosteum?

A

A membrane that covers compact bone, lines medullary cavity, central canals and covers trabeculae. Contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells.

39
Q

What is Ossification?

A

The process of replacing tissue with bone.

40
Q

What is Osteogenesis?

A

Bone formation

41
Q

What is the process of depositing calcium called?

A

Calcification

42
Q

What are the two forms of Ossification?

A

Endochondral

Intramembranous

43
Q

What is Endochondral Ossification?

A

Ossification of hyaline cartilage.

44
Q

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

A

Bone formation during fetal development. Produces dermal bones such as mandible and clavicle.

45
Q

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

A

Bone formation during fetal development. Produces dermal bones such as mandible and clavicle.

46
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joint

47
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of cartilage without inflammation

48
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease affecting synovial joint

49
Q

Traumatic Arthritis

A

Outside trauma causing fracture

50
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal curvature of thoracic vertebra

51
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal curvature of lumbar vertebra

52
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal curvature laterally and medially

53
Q

Closed Fracture

A

Fracture stays within the skin

54
Q

Open Fracture (compound)

A

Bone breaks through skin

55
Q

Intra Articular Fracture

A

Fracture of the joint

56
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Transverse break across bone

57
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Fracture cause by twisting of the bone

58
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Multiple loose bones and fracture site

59
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

Ligaments pull pieces of bone away

60
Q

Impact Fracture

A

Bones compressed against each other

61
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass caused by imbalance of osteoblast/osteoclast activity.

62
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joint (sutures of the skull)

63
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joint (vertebrae)

64
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joint

65
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

Articulating bones joined by fibrous connective tissue (fetal skull)

66
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Joint capsule containing synovial membrane and fluid

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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