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Anatomy and Physiology II > Lecture: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Reproductive System derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

a paired organ with a single enormous nephron that filters blood filtrate produced by glomeruli or glomerate—large embryonic glomeruli.
The pronephros is the first kidney to develop in the embryo of more evolved vertebrates.

A

Pronephric Kidney
(non-functional)

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3
Q

an embryonic organ that disappears in all mammalian species when the permanent kidney—the metanephros—is functional.

A

Mesonephric Kidney
(Functinoal)

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4
Q

permanent kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals, developing by the 10th week in human embryos from the lower part of the Wolffian duct, and replacing the embryonic structure called the mesonephros.

A

Metanephric Kidney

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5
Q

Test that measures size of prostate gland

A

PSA
prostatic specific amplitude

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6
Q

Ducts from mesonephric kidney turn into

A

Vas deferns + epididymis

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7
Q

Secretes fluid into semen and goes through the ejaculatory duct

A

Seminal vesicle

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8
Q

This last step, in which the testis passes from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum. Testosterone.
Occurs between the seventh month and birth.

A

Descent of the Testes

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9
Q

A fetal ligament attached to the caudal epididymis and testis and the bottom of the scrotum guides the descent of the testes into the scrotum;

A

Gubernaculum

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10
Q

Normal menstrual cycle duration

A

28 days

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11
Q

Importance of Leutanizing Hormone

A

When levels increase, ovulation happens

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12
Q

Can get pregnant how many hours after ovulation?

A

12-15 hours

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12
Q

Can get pregnant how many hours after ovulation?

A

12-15 hours

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13
Q

One cell embryo (male + female)

A

Zygote (diploid)

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14
Q

Mass of 16 cells. A solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula (blastocyst) is formed.

A

Morula

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15
Q

Structure formed after Morula

A

Blastocyst

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16
Q

Where does implantation occur? What do we call the cell?

A

Endometrium,
morula->blastocyst->trophoblast

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17
Q

Pregnancy tests test for:

A

Beta fraction: HCG (human corionic gonadotropin hormone)

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18
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Distal 1/3 of fallopian tube

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19
Q

When fertilized egg implants itself in the fallopian tube?

A

Tubal pregnancy

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20
Q

Where does estrogen come from?

A

Follicular cells

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21
Q

Where does estrogen come from?

A

Follicular cells

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22
Q

Surge of what hormone in day 14 of menstruation

A

Leutanizing Hormone (estrogen starts to decline)

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23
Q

Endometrial linings:

A

Functional layer: layer thats shed in menstruation
Basal layer: remains intact

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24
Q

3 Phases of the ovary:

A
  1. Follicular (before release of the egg)
  2. Ovulatory (egg release)
  3. Luteal (after egg release)
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25
Q

3 Phases of uterus

A
  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Proliferative
  3. Secretory
  4. Ischemic
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26
Q

Causes maturation of ovary

A

FSH

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27
Q

Importance of Prolactin

A

Milk production

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28
Q

Anterior to Posterior Anatomy:

A

Urinary Bladder
Uterus
Colon

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29
Q

Distocia

A

Trouble delivery

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30
Q

Cutting of the pineal muscle to allow for further opening of the vaginal canal

A

Epesiotomy

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31
Q

What makes the sperm?

A

Testis

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32
Q

For every spermatocyte made how many sperm are made?

A

4 sperm

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33
Q

Manufacturing of sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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34
Q

Only found in graffian follicle. The one to be potentiall ovulated

A

Secondary oocyte

35
Q

the change sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

A

Capacitation

36
Q

In the male, specific cells responsible for producing testosterone are

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig

37
Q

Normal fertilization in the human is accomplished by many sperm (polyspermy), penetrating the female oocyte:

A

False

38
Q

An important function of testosterone in the male is to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics

A

True

39
Q

Cells that produce estrogen

A

Granulosa cells

40
Q

Cells that produce estrogen

A

Granulosa cells

41
Q

Process of creating the 3 germ layers

A

Gastrulation

42
Q

What kind of cells produce surfactant? When are they produced?

A

Alveolar Type II , 3rd Trimester

42
Q

What kind of cells produce surfactant? When are they produced?

A

Alveolar Type II , 3rd Trimester

43
Q

Types of Hernias

A

inguinal (inner groin)
incisional (resulting from an incision)
femoral (outer groin), umbilical (belly button)
hiatal (upper stomach).

44
Q

Embryonic development

A

Weeks 1-7

45
Q

Fetal development

A

Weeks 8

46
Q

What produces HCG?

A

Trophoblast

47
Q

Peritoneum covering the uterine structure

A

Broad ligament

48
Q

Where does the placenta originate?

A

Cervical canal

49
Q

the placenta attaches low in the uterus.

A

Placenta Previa

50
Q

Lowers blood pressure, LDL
Increases HDL
Day 1-14

A

Estrogen

51
Q

Mature follicle has (blank) oocyte

A

Secondary

52
Q

Last ovarian hormone, produced by corpus luteum

A

Progesterone and some estrogen

53
Q

As follicle becomes mature (Graffian), the uterus starts to (blank)

A

Proliferate

54
Q

Maternal side of placenta

A

Comes from decidua basalis

55
Q

Fetal side of the placenta

A

Comes from chorionic villi

56
Q

Blood supply to the uterus

A

Uterine artery

57
Q

Where do umbilical arteries come from

A

the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.

58
Q

Metabolites and deoxygenated blood diffuses (blank) of the

A

OUT

59
Q

Oxygenated and nutrient rish blood diffuses (blank)

A

INTO umbilical vein

60
Q

When does baby take its first breath

A

The CO2 gets so high in order to inspire air

61
Q

Hole in the heart

A

Opening in foramen ovale

62
Q

Hole in the heart

A

Opening in foramen ovale

63
Q

Non-harmful substances that can cross the placental barrier

A

oxygen, watersm carbs, aminoco acids, lipids, electrolytes

64
Q

Harmful substances that can cross the placental barrier

A

Drugs, poisons, carbon monoxide, some viruses, toxoplasma gondii, rubella

65
Q

Nontransferrable substances

A

IgM + IgS, transferrinf, bacteria, heparin

66
Q

Rh- mother grows Rh+ baby can grow Anti-Rh antibodies and can pass it the Rh+ baby in second pregnancy

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

67
Q

Any substance that is harmful and can produce abnormal development

A

Teratogens

68
Q

IgA, IgG, Interferons (blank) the placental barrier

A

CAN

69
Q

Sac developing around the developing fetus

A

Amnion

70
Q

Where do amniotic fluid comes from?

A

Maternal blood vessels + urination

71
Q

Ventricles of the brain becomes swollen and enlarged

A

Hydrocephallus

72
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

73
Q

the affected person has three copies of one of the chromosomes instead of two. Downs syndrome

A

Trisomy

74
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin, neural development

75
Q

Mesoderm

A

Kidneys, gonads, muscle, bone, CT

76
Q

Endoderm

A

Epithelial lining and glands or digestive and respiratory tracts

77
Q

How many primary germ layers are normally found in developing human during final stages of embryogenesis?

A

3

78
Q

uring development, a 16 solid-cell embryo is called

A

Morula

79
Q

The normal human placenta is comprised of the decidua basalis and the

A
80
Q

carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus,

A

The umbilical vein

81
Q

Fertilzation of one egg by sperm

A

Monospermy

82
Q

Fraternal twins happen when

A

DI-ZYGOTIC TWINS
Two seperate eggs (zygotes) are fertilized with different sperms and implanted in the uterus in a fused or seperate in chorionic sacs. They each have **their own amniotic cavity **

83
Q

Identical twins happen when

A

MONO-ZYGOTIC TWINS
When one cell zygote turns into two seperate inner cell masses. Two amnions but one clear placenta

84
Q

Conjoined twins happen when

A

develop when an early embryo only partially separates to form two individuals.

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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