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Anatomy and Physiology II > Lab: Respiratory + Urinary > Flashcards

Lab: Respiratory + Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Where at the kidneys located?

A

Retro peritoneum in the abdomen

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2
Q

What is in front of the kidneys?

A

R anterior: ascending colon
L anterior: descending colon

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3
Q

Infection of the peritaneum

A

Peritinitis

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4
Q

Where do the renal kidneys recieved blood from?

A

Aorta

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5
Q

Superior mesenteric artery crosses:

A

Anterior to left renal vein

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6
Q

Ureter cross what in the pelvis:

A

External iliac artery

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7
Q

Indentation

A

Hilus

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8
Q

Arterial sequence of events before glomerulus

A

Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Corticale radiate artery
Afferent arteriole

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9
Q

Where are glomerali found?

A

Cortex of kidney

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10
Q

Order of Nephron Tubules

A

Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending loop of henle
Ascending loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

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11
Q

After tubules hit papilla what is the order of them

A

Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

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12
Q

Arterial sequence of events after glomerulus

A

Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

What is the ureters tissue type?

A

Smooth muscle innervated by ANS

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14
Q

Rhythmic contraction of muscle pushing fluid from one direction

A

Rhythmic peristalsis

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15
Q

Where do ureters enter the urinary bladder?

A

Posterior surfaces of urinary bladder

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16
Q

Elevations of internal lining of urinary bladder

A

Rugae

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17
Q

Triangular elevations of muscle between the uereteral openings

A

Trigone

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18
Q

Infection in urinary bladder

A

Cystitis

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19
Q

What is the muscle of the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

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20
Q

The amt of air inhaled and then exhaled during a single normal breath

A

Tidal volume (500 ml)

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21
Q

The extra air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
(M: 3100 ml + F: 1900ml)

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22
Q

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal passive expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
(M: 1200 ml + F: 700ml)

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23
Q

The quantity of air left in lungs that cannot be exhaled

A

Residual Volume RV
(M: 1200 ml + F: 1100 ml)

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24
Q

The sum of the first three lung volumes
Maximum amount of air that can be exchanged by the lungs
(TV + IRV + ERV)

A

Vital Capacity (VC)
(M: 4800 ml + F: 3100 ml)

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25
Q

The sum of TV + IRV + ERV + RV

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
(M: 6000 ml + F: 4200 ml)

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26
Q

Measures that capacity of the lungs

A

Wet Spirometer

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27
Q

Maximum amt. of air that can inspire after a normal tidal volume expiration

A

Inspiratory Capacity
IC = TV + IRV
(M: 3600 ml + F: 2400)

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28
Q

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
ERV + RV

29
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

30
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

31
Q

What is the most important function of the larynx?
2ndary function?

A

Controls airflow
Speaking

32
Q

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm made up of

A

Voluntary muscle

33
Q

Diaphragm is innervated by

A

Cervical + Spinal nerve
(C3, C4, C5)

34
Q

The outer layer of the trachea is made up of what kind of tissue?

A

Ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

What kind of tissue is the tracheal ring made of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

36
Q

Layers in trachea in microscopic slides:

A

Mucosa:
-cilitiated pseudostratified columnar epi.
-lamina propria
Submucosa:
-tracheal glands
Tracheal Ring:
-made of hyaline cartilage
-chondrocytes
-lacunae
Perichondrium
Adventitia

37
Q

Monitors Na+

A

Macula Densa

38
Q

Makes renin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

39
Q

What kind of muscle is in your urinary bladder?

A

Detruor involuntary muscle

40
Q

Elevations in urinary bladder

A

Rugae

41
Q

What part of the bladder doesn’t have ridges?

A

Trigone

42
Q

What to the ureters cross?

A

Anterior external iliac arteries

43
Q

What to the ureters cross?

A

Anterior external iliac arteries

44
Q

What kind of muscle is the ureter made of and what does it do?

A

Involuntary smooth muscle and does peristalsis

45
Q

What kind of tissue is in the mucosa of the ureter?

A

Transitional epithelium

46
Q

Fuzzy lumen

A

Proximal convoluted tube

47
Q

Clear lumen

A

Distal convoluted tube

48
Q

v CO2 will cause breath to

A

Be able to hold longer

49
Q

^ CO2 will cause breath to

A

not be able to be held longer

50
Q

a temporary arrest of the activity of the respiratory nerve center during an act of swallowing.

A

Deglutition apnea

50
Q

a temporary arrest of the activity of the respiratory nerve center during an act of swallowing.

A

Deglutition apnea

51
Q

What kind of tissue does the mucosa of trachea have?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

52
Q

Tracheal ring has what kind of tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage

53
Q

Abnormal things in the urina

A

Albumin
Glucose
Red blood cells
Ketone bodies
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Casts
Microbes

54
Q

Excess albumin in urine

A

Albuminuria (proteinuria)

55
Q

Presence of glucose in urine

A

Glucosuria (diabetes)

56
Q

Presence of RBC in urine

A

Hematuria (kisney disease, inflam. urinary organ)

57
Q

Prescence of ketones in urine

A

Ketonuria (diabets, anorexia)

58
Q

Presence of urobilinogen in urine

A

Urobilinogenuria (breakdown product of hemoglobin)(jaundice, pernicious anemia)

59
Q

Presence of bilirubin in urine

A

Bilirubinuria (globin is split off and heme is converted to this)

60
Q

Tiny masses of material that harden and assume shape of lumen of tubules

A

Casts

61
Q

Normal volume of urine ridded per day

A

1L - 2L / day

62
Q

Turbidity of urine increases

A

When left standing or has infection

63
Q

Average pH level of urine

A

4.6-8 (avg. 6)
More protein: ^ acidity
More vegetables: v acidity

64
Q

Normal SG of urine

A

1.001-1.035 (H2O = 1.000 distilled)

65
Q

Dilation of Afferent Vessels:

A

Increase in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Decrease in:
Blood volume
Blood Pressure

66
Q

Constriction of Afferent Vessels:

A

Decrease in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Increase in:
Blood Volume
Blood Pressure

67
Q

Dilations of Efferent Vessels:

A

Decrease in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Increase in:
Blood volume
Blood pressure

68
Q

Constriction of Efferent Vessels

A

Increase in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Decrease in:
Blood volume
Blood pressure

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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