Lab: Respiratory + Urinary Flashcards
Where at the kidneys located?
Retro peritoneum in the abdomen
What is in front of the kidneys?
R anterior: ascending colon
L anterior: descending colon
Infection of the peritaneum
Peritinitis
Where do the renal kidneys recieved blood from?
Aorta
Superior mesenteric artery crosses:
Anterior to left renal vein
Ureter cross what in the pelvis:
External iliac artery
Indentation
Hilus
Arterial sequence of events before glomerulus
Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Corticale radiate artery
Afferent arteriole
Where are glomerali found?
Cortex of kidney
Order of Nephron Tubules
Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending loop of henle
Ascending loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
After tubules hit papilla what is the order of them
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Arterial sequence of events after glomerulus
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava
What is the ureters tissue type?
Smooth muscle innervated by ANS
Rhythmic contraction of muscle pushing fluid from one direction
Rhythmic peristalsis
Where do ureters enter the urinary bladder?
Posterior surfaces of urinary bladder
Elevations of internal lining of urinary bladder
Rugae
Triangular elevations of muscle between the uereteral openings
Trigone
Infection in urinary bladder
Cystitis
What is the muscle of the urinary bladder?
Detrusor muscle
The amt of air inhaled and then exhaled during a single normal breath
Tidal volume (500 ml)
The extra air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
(M: 3100 ml + F: 1900ml)
The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal passive expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
(M: 1200 ml + F: 700ml)
The quantity of air left in lungs that cannot be exhaled
Residual Volume RV
(M: 1200 ml + F: 1100 ml)
The sum of the first three lung volumes
Maximum amount of air that can be exchanged by the lungs
(TV + IRV + ERV)
Vital Capacity (VC)
(M: 4800 ml + F: 3100 ml)
The sum of TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
(M: 6000 ml + F: 4200 ml)
Measures that capacity of the lungs
Wet Spirometer
Maximum amt. of air that can inspire after a normal tidal volume expiration
Inspiratory Capacity
IC = TV + IRV
(M: 3600 ml + F: 2400)
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
ERV + RV
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes
What is the most important function of the larynx?
2ndary function?
Controls airflow
Speaking
What kind of muscle is the diaphragm made up of
Voluntary muscle
Diaphragm is innervated by
Cervical + Spinal nerve
(C3, C4, C5)
The outer layer of the trachea is made up of what kind of tissue?
Ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium
What kind of tissue is the tracheal ring made of?
Hyaline cartilage
Layers in trachea in microscopic slides:
Mucosa:
-cilitiated pseudostratified columnar epi.
-lamina propria
Submucosa:
-tracheal glands
Tracheal Ring:
-made of hyaline cartilage
-chondrocytes
-lacunae
Perichondrium
Adventitia
Monitors Na+
Macula Densa
Makes renin
Juxtaglomerular cells
What kind of muscle is in your urinary bladder?
Detruor involuntary muscle
Elevations in urinary bladder
Rugae
What part of the bladder doesn’t have ridges?
Trigone
What to the ureters cross?
Anterior external iliac arteries
What to the ureters cross?
Anterior external iliac arteries
What kind of muscle is the ureter made of and what does it do?
Involuntary smooth muscle and does peristalsis
What kind of tissue is in the mucosa of the ureter?
Transitional epithelium
Fuzzy lumen
Proximal convoluted tube
Clear lumen
Distal convoluted tube
v CO2 will cause breath to
Be able to hold longer
^ CO2 will cause breath to
not be able to be held longer
a temporary arrest of the activity of the respiratory nerve center during an act of swallowing.
Deglutition apnea
a temporary arrest of the activity of the respiratory nerve center during an act of swallowing.
Deglutition apnea
What kind of tissue does the mucosa of trachea have?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Tracheal ring has what kind of tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Abnormal things in the urina
Albumin
Glucose
Red blood cells
Ketone bodies
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Casts
Microbes
Excess albumin in urine
Albuminuria (proteinuria)
Presence of glucose in urine
Glucosuria (diabetes)
Presence of RBC in urine
Hematuria (kisney disease, inflam. urinary organ)
Prescence of ketones in urine
Ketonuria (diabets, anorexia)
Presence of urobilinogen in urine
Urobilinogenuria (breakdown product of hemoglobin)(jaundice, pernicious anemia)
Presence of bilirubin in urine
Bilirubinuria (globin is split off and heme is converted to this)
Tiny masses of material that harden and assume shape of lumen of tubules
Casts
Normal volume of urine ridded per day
1L - 2L / day
Turbidity of urine increases
When left standing or has infection
Average pH level of urine
4.6-8 (avg. 6)
More protein: ^ acidity
More vegetables: v acidity
Normal SG of urine
1.001-1.035 (H2O = 1.000 distilled)
Dilation of Afferent Vessels:
Increase in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Decrease in:
Blood volume
Blood Pressure
Constriction of Afferent Vessels:
Decrease in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Increase in:
Blood Volume
Blood Pressure
Dilations of Efferent Vessels:
Decrease in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Increase in:
Blood volume
Blood pressure
Constriction of Efferent Vessels
Increase in:
Glomerular pressure
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Volume
Decrease in:
Blood volume
Blood pressure
