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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > LECTURE: Orbit > Flashcards

LECTURE: Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What sinuses lie between the orbits?

A

ethmoid

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2
Q

The contents of the orbit are surrounded by

A

bone and orbital fascia

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3
Q

What makes up the bony orbital walls? (4)

A
  • Medial: ethmoid bone, maxillary bone and lacrimal bone
  • Floor: maxillary bone.
  • Lateral: sphenoid bone and zygomatic bone.
  • Roof: frontal bone.
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4
Q

What are the openings in and around the orbit? (5)

A
  1. supraorbital foramen
  2. infraorbital foramen
  3. superior orbital fissure
  4. inferior orbital fissure
  5. optic canal
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5
Q

What travels through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, V1, VI

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6
Q

What travels through the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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7
Q

colored part of eye

A

iris

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8
Q

white wall of eye

A

sclera

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9
Q

opening in iris

A

pupil

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10
Q

small mass of mucous membrane at medial corner of eye

A

lacrimal caruncle

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11
Q

small openings above and below caruncle for collection of tears

A

lacrimal puncta

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

produces tears

A

lacrimal gland

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14
Q

transports tears to lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal canaliculi

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15
Q

collects tears

A

lacrimal sac

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16
Q

drains tears into nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

connective tissue plates that give the eyelids support

A

tarsi

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19
Q

transparent anterior surface of eye

A

cornea

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20
Q

focuses incoming light onto retina

A

lens

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21
Q

posterior lining of eye with specialized photoreceptors

A

retina

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22
Q

cavity located posterior to lens

A

posterior cavity

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23
Q

transparent, gelatinous substance within posterior cavity

A

vitreous body

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24
Q

space anterior to lens

A

anterior cavity

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25
Q

space between cornea and iris

A

anterior chamber

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26
Q

space between iris and lens

A

posterior chamber

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27
Q

clear, watery fluid in anterior cavity

A

aqueous humor

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28
Q
A
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29
Q

circular smooth muscle that affects shape of lens

A

ciliary muscle

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30
Q

connects ciliary muscle to capsule of lens

A

suspensory ligament

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31
Q

circular smooth muscle that affects size of pupil

A

sphincter pupillae

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32
Q

drains fluid from anterior cavity

A

canal of Schlemm

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33
Q

Blockage of the canal of Schlemm leads to what?

A

glaucoma

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34
Q

mucous membrane of anterior eye and eyelids

A

conjunctiva

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35
Q

skeletal (voluntary) muscle that elevates the upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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36
Q

superior tarsal (Muller’s) muscle helps with what?

A

elevation of upper eyelid

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37
Q

Parasympathetic innervation makes the pupil …

A

contract

38
Q

Sympathetic innervation makes the pupil …

A

dilate

39
Q

What ligaments pull on the lens to make it thinner?

A

suspensory ligaments

40
Q

During relaxation of ciliary muscle, the suspensory ligaments are …

A

pulling on the lens, causing it to become thinner

41
Q

During contraction of the ciliary muscle, suspensory ligaments are …

A

slacking, reducing the pull on the lens and allows it to become thicker

42
Q

Describe lens shape for distant vision

A
43
Q

Describe lens shape for near objects

A
44
Q

depression in retina that represents the area of greatest visual acuity

A

fovea

45
Q

There are how many extraocular muscles which move the eyeball, and a muscle that elevates the upper eyelid?

A

6

46
Q

Classify the 6 extraocular muscles

A

4 rectus

2 oblique

47
Q
A
48
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the common tendinous ring to the superior aspect of the eyeball?

A

superior rectus

49
Q

Contraction of this muscle causes the eyeball to elevate and adduct (move superiorly and medially).

A

superior rectus

50
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the common tendinous ring to the inferior aspect of the eyeball?

A

inferior rectus

51
Q

Contraction of this muscle causes the eyeball to depress and adduct (move inferiorly and medially).

A

inferior rectus

52
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the common tendinous ring to the medial aspect of the eyeball?

A

medial rectus

53
Q

Contraction of this muscle causes the eyeball to move inward, or adduct.

A

medial rectus

54
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the common tendinous ring to the lateral aspect of the eyeball?

A

lateral rectus

55
Q

Contraction of this muscle causes the eyeball to move outward, or abduct.

A

lateral rectus

56
Q

All rectus muscles are innervated by what nerves?

A

CN III except for lateral rectus which is innervated by CN IV (abducens)

57
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the body of the sphenoid bone (just superiomedial to common tendon) to the superior region of the eyeball?

A

superior oblique

58
Q

Which eye muscle runs in the medial aspect of the superior orbit before looping around a tendinous trochlea (pulley) in the anterior/medial orbit, changing its angle of attachment?

A

superior oblique

59
Q

Contraction of this muscle causes the eyeball to depress and abduct (inferior and lateral).

A

superior oblique

60
Q

Which eye muscle runs from the anterior part of the floor of the orbit, medially, to the inferior aspect of the eyeball?

A

inferior oblique

61
Q

It causes the eye to elevate and abduct (superior and lateral).

A

inferior oblique

62
Q

Superior oblique is innervated by what nerve?

A

CN IV

63
Q

The inferior oblique is innervated by what nerve?

A

CN III

64
Q

Which muscle runs from the lesser wing of sphenoid bone, near optic canal, to the superior tarsus (upper eyelid)?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

65
Q

Which nerve carries visual information from retina?

A

CN II (optic nerve)

66
Q

The lateral half of each retina projects to the ______ of the brain while the medial half projects to the _____ side.

A

lateral = same side

medial = opposite side

67
Q

The _________ contains crossing fibers.

A

optic chiasm

68
Q

Where would the lesion be located?

A

R optic nerve lesion

69
Q

Where would the lesion be located?

A

optic chiasm lesion

70
Q

Where would the lesion be located?

A

R optic tract lesion

71
Q

Which nerve carries parasympathetics to the smooth muscle of the lens and pupil?

A

CN III (oculomotor)

72
Q

The parasympathetics synapse in the ciliary ganglion and then to eyeball via what nerve?

A

ciliary nerves

73
Q

V1 splits into which nerves?

A
  • frontal nerve
  • nasociliary nerve
  • lacrimal nerve
74
Q

Which nerve splits into supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves which carry sensation from the forehead?

A

frontal nerve

75
Q

Which nerve gives rise to anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches before exiting the orbit as the infratrochlear nerve?

A

nasociliary nerve

76
Q

The ethmoidal nerves handle sensation from (3)

A

ethmoid air cells (sinuses), nasal cavity and bridge of nose (via the external nasal nerve)

77
Q

Infratrochlear nerve carries sensation from

A

skin around medial eye

78
Q

Which nerve carries sensation from the cornea?

A

nasociliary nerve

79
Q

Carries sensation from skin outside the eye

A

lacrimal nerve

80
Q

The cell bodies of V1 neurons are in the …

A

trigeminal ganglion

81
Q

Short ciliary nerves vs. long ciliary nerves

A
  • Short ciliary nerves: sympathetic, parasympathetic and general sensory
  • long ciliary nerves: sympathetic and sensory
82
Q

Although the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2), does nothing in the orbit, it gives rise to the ______ in the lateral orbit, and then travels along the floor as the infraorbital nerve.

A

zygomatic nerve

83
Q

V2 receives sensation from skin of the face through what nerves?

A

zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial and infraorbital nerves

84
Q

V2 carries sensation from the maxillary teeth through what nerve?

A

superior alveolar nerves

85
Q

The main artery of the orbit

A

ophthalmic artery

86
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of what artery?

A

internal carotid artery

87
Q

The ophthalmic artery travels through the ______ with the optic nerve and gives rise to 6 branches.

A

optic foramen

88
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery? (6)

A
  1. lacrimal
  2. supraorbital
  3. supratrochlear
  4. anterior/posterior ethmoidal
  5. ciliary
  6. central artery of the retina
89
Q

What vein drains blood from the orbit?

A

ophthalmic vein

90
Q

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins empty into what posteriorly?

A

cavernous sinus

91
Q

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins empty into what inferiorly?

A

pterygoid plexus of veins

92
Q

What provides a pathway for spread of infection from face to venous sinuses?

A

communication of angular (facial) vein and ophthalmic veins

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (13 decks)

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