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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > LECTURE: Larynx and Pharynx > Flashcards

LECTURE: Larynx and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What cartilage is composed of two plates, fused anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence (“Adam’s apple”)?

A

thyroid cartilage

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2
Q

Which cartilage has a divergence of lamina superiorly to form a v-shaped thyroid notch?

A

thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

The thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone via …

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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4
Q

Lateral surface of each lamina has _______ for muscle attachment

A

oblique line

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5
Q

A midline “leaf-shaped” cartilage which folds down over the laryngeal inlet when the larynx is elevated during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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6
Q

The epiglottis tapered inferior end is attached to the __________, located behind the thyroid notch.

A

thyroepiglottic ligament

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7
Q

Complete ring of cartilage that is higher posteriorly compared to more narrow anterior aspect (“signet-shaped”).

A

cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

most inferior of laryngeal cartilages

A

cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

________ allow pivot motion between thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

Cricothyroid joints

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10
Q

__________ cricothyroid ligaments run between thyroid and cricoid cartilages.

A

median and lateral

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11
Q

trachea extends ______ from cricoid cartilage

A

inferiorly

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12
Q

Two pyramidal-shaped cartilages that rest on the posterior cricoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

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13
Q

The 3 parts of each arytenoid cartilages

A
  1. apex (superiorly)
  2. muscular process (posteriorly)
  3. vocal process (anteriorly)
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14
Q

The muscular processes are for muscle attachment and the vocal processes are for attachment of

A

vocal ligaments

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15
Q

Small cartilages that sit atop the apices of the arytenoid cartilages.

A

corniculate cartilages

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16
Q

The function of this cartilage is not fully understood other than to “help support the aryepiglottic folds” during swallowing

A

corniculate cartilages

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17
Q

A fibroelastic membrane extending from the superior-lateral border of cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages. The free edges form the vocal ligaments.

A

conus elasticus

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18
Q

What are the joints of the larynx?

A
  • cricothyroid joints
  • cricoarytenoid joints
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19
Q

Which joints are between facets on the lateral surface of cricoid cartilage and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricothyroid joints

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20
Q

Which joints provide the main movement is anterior and posterior tilting of the thyroid cartilage on the cricoid, which changes the tension of the vocal folds?

A

cricothyroid joints

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21
Q

Which joints are between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages?

A

cricoarytenoid joints

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22
Q

What types of movements do cricoarytenoid joints allow?

A
  • Anterior and posterior tilting, which cause slack or tension on the vocal folds, respectively.
  • Sliding together (adduction) or away (abduction) from each other.
  • Medial or lateral rotation, which cause adduction or abduction of the vocal folds, respectively.
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23
Q

mucosal folds not involved with sound production

A

False (vestibular) folds

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24
Q

vocal ligaments and muscle covered by mucosa which produce sound

A

True (ventricular) folds

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25
Q

area of larynx above false vocal folds

A

laryngeal vestibule

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26
Q

: lateral space between false and true vocal folds

A

laryngeal ventricle

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27
Q

the aperture between the vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

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28
Q

refers to the vocal folds, the rima glottidis and the narrow part of the larynx at the level of the vocal folds

A

glottis

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

What are the muscle groups of the true (ventricular) folds?

A

adductors, abductors, tensors and relaxers

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31
Q

Adductors of vocal folds

A
  1. Lateral cricoarytenoids
  2. Arytenoid muscle (transverse and oblique fibers)
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32
Q

Which muscle is from lateral cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoids?

A

adductors of vocal folds

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33
Q

Which muscle run between arytenoids?

A

arytenoid muscle (transverse and oblique fibers)

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34
Q

Abductor of vocal folds

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

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35
Q

from posterior cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoids

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

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36
Q

Which muscle are tensors of vocal folds?

A

Cricothyroid muscles

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37
Q

Which muscle is from anterolateral part of cricoid to inferior/interior of thyroid cartilage and tilt the thyroid cartilage forward?

A

Cricothyroid muscles

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38
Q

Relaxers of vocal folds

A

Thyroarytenoids and vocalis muscle

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39
Q

Which muscle is from internal surface of anterior thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilages and draws the arytenoids anteriorly?

A

thyroarytenoids

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40
Q

Which muscle runs along the sides of the vocal ligaments, between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages and relaxes tension on the posterior vocal ligaments while maintaining tension anteriorly?

A

vocalis muscle

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41
Q
A
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42
Q
A
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43
Q
A
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44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q

The larynx gets its blood primarily from the

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

47
Q

The superior and inferior laryngeal arteries are branches of what arteries?

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries, respectively

48
Q

The superior laryngeal artery travels through the

A

thyrohyoid membrane

49
Q

the inferior laryngeal artery enters the

A

inferior larynx

50
Q

Two main nerves of the larynx

A

superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerves

51
Q

The two main nerves of the larynx derive from which nerve?

A

vagus nerve

52
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve splits into which nerves high in the neck?

A

internal and external laryngeal nerves

53
Q

The internal laryngeal nerve enters the larynx (along with the superior laryngeal artery) through the thyrohyoid membrane. It carries what information?

A

sensory information from inside the larynx above the vocal folds

54
Q

The external laryngeal nerve travels down on the outside of the larynx to the …

A

cricothyroid muscle

55
Q

Which nerve innervate the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

external laryngeal nerve

56
Q

As the vagus nerves (CN X) descend to the ____, they give rise to recurrent laryngeal branches.

A

thorax

57
Q

On the right, the recurrent branch loops around the _________ artery and travels up to the larynx in the sulcus between the trachea and esophagus.

A

subclavian

58
Q

On the left, however, the recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ________ (posterior to ligamentum arteriosum).

A

aortic arch

59
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerves dive deep to the inferior pharyngeal constrictors to enter the larynx and, when they do, change their name to _____________.

A

inferior laryngeal nerves

60
Q

Which nerves innervate all of the musculature of the larynx (except for cricothyroid) and carry sensory from inside the larynx below the vocal folds?

A

recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerve

61
Q

connection between base of tongue and epiglottis

A

Median glossoepiglottic fold

62
Q

depressions between base of tongue and epiglottis, on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold

A

Vallecula

63
Q

depressions lateral to aryepiglottic folds

A

piriform recess

64
Q

The superior expanded part of the alimentary system posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, extending inferiorly past the larynx.

A

pharynx

65
Q

The pharynx extends from the cranial base to the inferior border of the ________ anteriorly and the inferior border of the ____ vertebra posteriorly.

A

The pharynx extends from the cranial base to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage** anteriorly and the inferior border of the **C6 vertebra posteriorly

66
Q

The pharynx is widest opposite the _____ and narrowest at its inferior end, where it is continuous with the _______.

A

The pharynx is widest opposite the hyoid** and narrowest at its inferior end, where it is continuous with the **esophagus.

67
Q

The flat posterior wall of the pharynx lies against the ___________.

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

68
Q

Three Parts of Pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
69
Q

Which part of the pharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate?

A

nasopharynx

70
Q

Which part of the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity?

A

oropharynx

71
Q

Which part of the pharynx is posterior to the larynx?

A

laryngopharynx

72
Q

Which part of the pharynx has respiratory function?

A

nasopharynx

73
Q

Which part of the pharynx has digestive function?

A

oropharynx

74
Q

Which part of the pharynx is the posterior extension of the nasal cavity?

A

nasopharynx

75
Q

Which part of the pharynx is the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) located in?

A

posterior wall of nasopharynx

76
Q

A projection into the nasopharynx made from the pharyngotympanic tube is called what?

A

torus tubarius

77
Q

Which muscle extends fromt he torus tubarius to the pharynx in the nasopharynx?

A

salpingopharyngeus muscle

78
Q

Lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of torus tubarius is called

A

tubal tonsil

79
Q

Posterior to the salpingopharyngeal fold is a slit-like lateral groove called the

A

pharyngeal recess

80
Q

Which part of the pharynx is s bounded by the soft palate superiorly, the base of the tongue inferiorly, and the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches laterally?

A

oropharynx

81
Q

Which part of the pharynx extends from the soft palate to the superior border of the epiglottis?

A

oropharynx

82
Q

The palatine tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx in the interval between the palatine arches called the

A

tonsilar bed

83
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is in the ________

A

floor of the tonsilar bed

84
Q

The portion of pharynx posterior to the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

85
Q

This part of the pharynx narrows inferiorly and becomes the esophagus.

A

laryngopharynx

86
Q

a ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding the entrance to the pharynx

A

Waldeyer’s ring

87
Q

Deglutition (1 word)

A

swallowing

88
Q

a combination of voluntary and involuntary muscular contractions to move a bolus of food from oral cavity to the esophagus

A

deglutition (swallowing)

89
Q

3 main phases of swallowing

A
90
Q

Voluntary or involuntary of all stages of swallowing

A

stage 1: voluntary

stage 2: involuntary

stage 3: involuntary

91
Q

This occurs in which stage of swallowing: the bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from the mouth into the oropharynx, mainly by movements of the muscles of the tongue and soft palate

A

stage 1

92
Q

This occurs in which stage of swallowing:

A

stage 2

93
Q

This occurs in which stage of swallowing: sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles forces the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus.

A

stage 3

94
Q

consist of superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus.

A

Pharyngeal Muscles

95
Q

Superior constrictor originates from

A

m the pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior end of mylohyoid end of mylohyoid line (of mandible) and side of tongue

96
Q

Superior constrictor insertion

A

into the pharyngeal tubercle on the basilar part of the occipital bone and pharyngeal raphe

97
Q

Middle constrictor origin

A

the stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid

98
Q

Middle constrictor insertion

A

pharyngeal raphe

99
Q
A
100
Q

Inferior constrictor origin

A

the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of the cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeal part)

101
Q

Inferior constrictor insertion

A

into the pharyngeal raphe

102
Q

The constrictor muscles overlap in such a way to prevent

A

separation of the layers with swallowing

103
Q

The pharyngeal constrictors are innervated by _______ and constrict the walls of the pharynx.

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

104
Q
A
105
Q

O/I/A/N of palatopharyngeus

A
106
Q

O/I/A/N of salpingopharyngeus

A
107
Q

O/I/A/N of stylopharyngeus

A
108
Q
A

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (13 decks)

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