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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > LECTURE: Contents of Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

LECTURE: Contents of Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brain sits in each of these fossa?

A

anterior: frontal lobe
middle: temporal lobe
posterior: cerebellum

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2
Q
A
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

The brainstem transitions to the spinal cord as it passes through what opening?

A

foramen magnum

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5
Q

The brain is surrounded by three layer of connective tissue which comprise the …

A

meninges

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

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7
Q

Which layer of the meninges is the tough outer layer?

A

dura mater

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8
Q

The dura mater has 2 layers which are the …

A

meningeal and periosteal dura

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9
Q

The areas where the meningeal and the periosteal dura separate form what structures?

A

dural septae and venous sinuses

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10
Q

The endocranium is made of which layer of the meninges?

A

periosteal layer adherent to internal periosteum

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11
Q

The meningeal layer forms ____ to help support the brain.

A

septae

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12
Q

Falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli are two examples of what?

A

septaes formed by the meningeal layer to help support the brain

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13
Q

The attachment of the dura to the bones in the floor of the skull is stronger than to ______.

A

calvaria

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14
Q

A blow to the cranium can detach the dura from what?

A

the calvaria

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15
Q

Will detaching the dura from the calvaria result in damage to bone?

A

no

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16
Q

What type of fractures tear the dura and result in leakage of CSF into the soft tissue of the neck, nose, ear or nasopharynx?

A

basal fractures

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17
Q

The middle, “webby” layer of the meninges

A

arachnoid mater

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18
Q

This layer of the meninges is loosely draped over the surface of the brain without diving into sulci.

A

arachnoid mater

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19
Q

This area contains CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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20
Q

Delicate layer in close contact to brain tissue

A

pia mater

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21
Q

Follows the contours of the brain and is difficult to remove from its surface

A

pia mater

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22
Q
A
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23
Q
A
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24
Q

A sickle-shaped double layer of dura mater which is located within the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.

A

falx cerebri

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25
Q

This runs from the crista galli to the internal occipital protuberance and reflects horizontally to form the tentorium cerebelli.

A

falx cerebri

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26
Q

Function of this is to reduce the side-to-side movement of the brain.

A

falx cerebri

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27
Q

What separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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28
Q

The ___________ is attached laterally at the petrous portion of the temporal bone and anteriorly at the anterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone.

A

tentorium cerebelli

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29
Q

The opening through which the brainstem (midbrain) passes is the _________.

A

tentorial notch

30
Q

The _________ supports the posterior cerebrum so it doesn’t compress the cerebellum below.

A

tentorium cerebelli

31
Q

A small sickle-shaped fold which projects from the inferior midline of tentorium cerebelli to partially separate the cerebellar hemispheres.

A

falx cerebelli

32
Q

Horizontal sheet of dura that forms a roof over the pituitary gland in the sella turcica, encircling the stalk of the pituitary.

A

diaphragma sellae

33
Q

Tumors of the pituitary gland may cause the diaphragm to bulge superiorly and press on the

A

optic chiasma

34
Q

Obstruction of the optic chiasma leads to what problems?

A

visual and endocrine problems

35
Q
A
36
Q

Runs longitudinally along the midline of the skull and receives most of the blood from cerebral veins

A

superior sagittal sinus

37
Q

A small sinus located in the inferior edge of the falx cerebri. It joins with the great cerebral vein (of Galen) to empty into the straight sinus.

A

inferior sagittal sinus

38
Q

Formed when the posterior aspect of the falx cerebri fans out horizontally to form the tentorium cerebelli, it receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein and drains into the confluence of sinuses.

A

straight sinus

39
Q

Receives blood from superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus - blood leaves here and travels through the transverse sinuses (on either side).

A

confluence of sinuses

40
Q

Carries the blood from the confluence of sinuses laterally (on either side) to the sigmoid sinuses.

A

transverse sinuses

41
Q

Follow an S-shaped course in the posterior cranial fossae, forming grooves leading from the transverse sinus to the jugular foramen (and into the internal jugular vein).

A

sigmoid sinuses

42
Q

These sinuses are located on each side of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, and receives blood from the ophthalmic veins, the superficial middle cerebral vein (in the lateral fissure of the cerebral hemispheres) and the sphenoparietal sinus (in the edge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid).

A

cavernous sinuses

43
Q

The cavernous sinuses communicate with each other through

A

intercavernous sinuses

44
Q

The cavernous sinuses drain posteriorly through the

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

45
Q

Small channels that drain blood from the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus on each side (as they become sigmoid sinus). The sinus lies in the crest of the petrous portion of temporal bone.

A

superior petrosal sinuses

46
Q

Small venous sinuses that drain blood from the cavernous sinus to the jugular foramen, commencing at the posterior end of the cavernous sinus, they run posteriorly and laterally in a groove between the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the basilar portion of the occipital bone.

A

inferior petrosal sinuses

47
Q

The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus contain what nerves?

A

III, IV, VI, and V2

48
Q

What vessels run through the center of the cavernous sinus on each side?

A

internal carotid artery and abducens nerve

49
Q

The superior sagittal sinus receives what fluids?

A

blood (from cerebral veins) and CSF (from subarachnoid space)

50
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is generated within the

A

ventricles of the brain

51
Q

CSF flows out of the ventricular system through openings (apertures) in the _________ to enter the subarachnoid space.

A

fourth ventricle

52
Q

The CSF is returned to the blood-stream by traveling through one-way valves called __________ into the superior sagittal sinus.

A

arachnoid villi

53
Q

Veins within the skull bones are called

A

diploic veins

54
Q

Veins of the scalp can drain into what veins?

A

the internal or external jugular vein or diploic veins

55
Q

How do diploic veins drain their blood?

A

diploic veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus through emissary veins

56
Q

What is the primary artery of the dura mater?

A

middle meningeal artery

57
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through foramen spinosum and can be torn with what?

A

skull fracture (especially at the pterion)

58
Q

Which area is most vulnerable to a skull fracture that can tear the middle meningeal artery?

A

pterion

59
Q

The meninges of the brain relay sensations to the brain by means of which nerve?

A

the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

60
Q

Deformation of the dura mater can result in

A

headaches

61
Q

What arteries supply most of the blood to the brain?

A

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

62
Q

Blood supply in the brain

A
63
Q

What artery gives rise to branches to the brainstem and cerebellum before bifurcating into posterior cerebral arteries?

A

basilar artery

64
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries communicate with the internal carotid arteries through what arteries?

A

posterior communicating arteries

65
Q

Once inside the skull, the internal carotid arteries give rise to what arteries?

A

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

66
Q

The anterior cerebral arteries communicate by means of what artery?

A

anterior communicating artery

67
Q

The circular anastomotic communication of blood vessels at the base of the brain is referred to as the

A

Circle of Willis

68
Q

The capillaries in the brain are specialized to restrict which substances are allowed to leave the bloodstream and enter the interstitial fluid (around the neurons) called the …

A

blood-brain barrier

69
Q

What makes up the specialization part of the blood-brain barrier?

A

capillaries (continuous basement membrane and tight junctions) and perivascular feet of astrocytes on the outer surface of the capillaries.

70
Q

A tear in the meningeal artery leads to

A

epidural hematoma

71
Q

A cerebral vein tear leads to

A

subdural hematoma

72
Q

A cerebral artery rupture leads to

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (13 decks)

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