LECTURE ONE: The Field of Gerokinesiology Flashcards
What was life expectancy 1900 vs 2000?
Life expectancy:
1900: 50 years
2000: 80 years
Which gender have a longer life expectancy?
Women live longer than men by FOUR YEARS
What are the top 4 countries with the highest % of total population 65 years and older?
Top 4 countries with highest % of Total population aged 65 and older:
- Monaco
- Japan
- Germany
- Italy
What is the median age of CANADIAN population (2010)?
40 years old
What is the median age of Quebec population (2010)?
41 years old
What was the % people over 85…
In 1920?
In 2041? (predicted)
What was the % people over 85… In 1920? <5% In 2041? (predicted) >20%
Are there more children or seniors in Canada?
MORE seniors than Children in Canada. Every ONE in SIX Canadians is 65 years old or older.
If the current population trends continue, what is the estimated senior to children ratio in 20 years’ time? (Stats Canada, 2015)
3:2
What are the challenges of declining birth and death rates (increasing OA population) (2)?
- RISING MEDICAL COSTS associated with chronic disability
- FISCAL SHORTFALL for OAs (people live longer, and run out of retirement savings which affects their health and social security)
What was the response of the Canadian government to an increasing OA population?
Harper Gov’t changed retirement age from 65 to 67 to allow people to pay into healthcare longer. Trudeau Gov’t changed the retirement age back to 65, of which it is currently.
How much does the QC Gov’t spend on healthcare/ medical costs?
- 60 BILLION dollars a year, which is half the entire budget for the province (120 billion).
What is the birth rate in Canada?
1.61 birth / woman
Name three conditions that have decreased in QC and Canada, accounting for a decline in death rate?
- stroke
- heart diseases
- cancer
What are 3 implications of decline in death rate (3)?
- Medical Costs
- Burden on health and social services
- Social dynamics
What are Actions taken to accommodate the decline in the death rate and increase in OA population and longevity?
A WORLDWIDE movement to help promote ACTIVE lifestyles in all populations and all ages which aims to decrease the number of years people live with chronic disabilities thereby increasing employment rates longer and reducing medical costs …
What are the employment rates of people who are disabled vs non-disabled age 50, 65, and 80?
AT 50:
non disabled = 85%
Disabled = 40%
AT 65:
non disabled = 40%
Disabled = 20%
AT 80:
both disabled and non-disabled employment rates are less than 10%
According to the article by Katz et al., 1983 in the New England Journal of Medicine;
What does the term ACTIVE LIFE EXPECTANCY refer to (4)?
- Physical well-being
- Emotional well-being
- Intellectual vigor
- Functional well-being
Active Life Expectancy could also refer to the term?
- HEALTHY AGING: Physical well-being Emotional well-being Intellectual vigor Functional well-being
What was the Katz et al. 1983 on Active Life expectancy study designed to FORECAST and ANALYZE?
Who were the subjects (demographic/year/state).
- Forecast: FUNCTIONAL HEALTH for the elderly
- Analyze: EXPECTED REMAINING YEARS of FUNCTIONAL WELL-BEING in terms of ADL’s
Subjects: for NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED elderly in Massachusetts in 1974.
What were the results of the Katz et al. 1983 Active life expectancy study (3)?
- Active Life Expectancy showed a DECREASE from 10 years for those 65-70 to 2.9 years for those 85+.
- Active Life Expectancy was shorter for the poor than for others
- Women had longer average duration of expected dependence than men
What is a person’s life expectancy without the “Active” consideration?
20 years for those age 65-70. Vs. 10 years active life expectancy.
This means, a person might live 20 years longer past the age range 65-70, but only 10 of those years will be “active” and the final 10 will be dependent…I think
What is the Canadian physical activity guidelines for Older Adults?
Adults aged 65+ should accumulate at least 150 MINUTES of moderate to vigorous intensity AEROBIC physical activity per week in bouts of 10 minutes or more.
Reduction in medical costs are associated with what in Older adults?
Increasing Physical activity is associated with a reduction in medical costs.
How much more does an inactive woman at the age of 75 cost than an active woman? WITHOUT PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS / NO DISABILITY
> 1.5 times more!
An active woman can cost almost 2000$, and inactive woman costs Over 3000$.
What is the best / most important type of exercise for OA?
Strength / resistance training
Strength training is crucial to decrease the risk of what?
Sarcopenia
What are 2 physiological indicators of sarcopenia?
What does it lead to?
Decrease in:
- muscle mass
- Bone mass density (BMD),
LEADS TO FRAILTY / FALLS / FRACTURES
What are the 3 main definitions of aging?
- Chronological age:
The PASSAGE OF TIME from birth (in years) - Biological aging / SENESCENCE:
Refers to a group of processes within the body that eventually decline - Functional aging:
Refers to one’s functional fitness in comparison with others
What are the 4 categories of Old Age given to age ranges 65+?
- 65-74: young/old
- 75-84: middle/old
- 85-99: old/old
- 99+: Oldest/old
How many centenarians are there worldwide?
Over 1 million
How many centenarians are there projected to be by 2050?
3.2 million
SENESCENCE Refers to a group of processes within the body that eventually lead to (x7)
- Loss of ADAPTABILITY
- Loss of FLEXIBILITY
- FUNCTIONAL limitations
- PHYSICAL impairments
- DISEASE
- DISABILITY
- DEATH
“Biological aging” is also known as?
PRIMARY AGING
Functional aging:
Refers to one’s functional fitness in comparison with others within the same age bracket and gender. E.g. 30 second chair stand test.
Physical function can be divided into FIVE levels:
- Physically ELITE
- Physically FIT
- Physically INDEPENDENT
- Physically FRAIL
- Physically DEPENDANT
In what general direction and rate should the scale move in the normal process of aging?
Move down the scale at a VARIABLE (not constant) rate/ speed.
What does the speed of decline depend on? (in terms of the scale of normal aging)
- Lifestyle, genetic disposition and others.
What are the textbook definitions of Usual, Pathological and Successful aging?
- USUAL aging: GRADUAL DECLINE IN BODY FUNCTION, leading to physical impairments, disease, functional limitation and eventually the onset of disability and death.
* * It is the way MOST people age.** - PATHOLOGICAL aging: PREMATURE DISABILITY and death. Increase in cadence in individuals genetically predisposed to certain diseases or having negative lifestyles.
- SUCCESSFUL aging: BETTER THAN AVERAGE physiological and psychological characteristics in late life and healthy genes.
What is sarcopenia and what does it lead to in aging?
Severe muscle atrophy which leads to FRAILTY.
On the graph of “muscle mass and strength to Age” – sarcopenia begins in OLDER LIFE,
How can you avoid sarcopenia (2)?
- Healthy eating
- Strength training
What is gerokinesiology?
To understand how physical activity influences all aspects of health and well-being in the OA population
If an OA is considered Physically ELITE (5) ?
- High level sports competition
- Olympics
- High risk sports
- ED WHITLOCK
- Very FEW OA
2 characteristics for OA to be considered physically FIT?
If they’re able to do…
- Moderate physical work
- All endurance sports
Name 2 characteristics for OAs to be considered Physically INDEPENDANT?
They can still do…
- Very light physical work (ex: gardening, walking, golf)
- Can still do all instrumental ADL’s
4 characteristics for an OA to be considered physically FRAIL?
They might still be able to perform:
- Light housekeeping
- Food preparation
- Grocery shopping
- they may be home bound
If an OA is considered physically DEPENDANT?
- Needs home or institutional care
* Cannot perform some or all Basic ADL’s (walking, bathing, dressing etc.)
