Lecture: Medication Administration

Question 0

What should you always check before administering Lasix?

Answer 0

Potassium and blood pressure; hold medication if potassium or blood pressure are too low

Question 1

What does a high INR mean? What does a low INR mean?

Answer 1

High INR = increased bleeding time; low INR = decreased bleeding time

Question 2

What time of the day should administration of Lasix be avoided? Why?

Answer 2

Right before bedtime because it is a diuretic, which will cause a person to urinate

Question 3

What time of the day is Lisinopril usually given? Why?

Answer 3

At night because it drops the patient’s BP; giving it at night prevents the patient from possible falls during the day due to low BP

Question 4

How many times and when do you need to check your medications before you can administer?

Answer 4

3 times; before pulling out the medication, before going into the room, and before administering to the patient

Question 5

What is the target INR for Warfarin?

Answer 5

Between 2.0 - 3.0 for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and between 2.5 - 3.5 for valvular atrial fibrillation

Question 6

What is the normal range for serum potassium?

Answer 6

Between 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 7

What is the onset for rapid-acting insulin? When should you give it?

Answer 7

15 minutes; give 15 minutes before meals

Question 8

What should you do if a patient who is prescribed rapid-acting insulin does not want to eat a meal?

Answer 8

Hold the dose of insulin

Question 9

What happens if you give rapid-acting insulin without food?

Answer 9

Hypoglycemic rebound

Question 10

What is the onset for regular insulin?

Answer 10

30 minutes

Question 11

What is the onset of intermediate-acting insulin?

Answer 11

12 hours

Question 12

What is the onset of long-acting insulin?

Answer 12

24 hours

Question 13

What is the ideal range for blood glucose?

Answer 13

70 - 100 mg/dL

Question 14

What should you always check before administering Digoxin?

Answer 14

Potassium and AP

Question 15

What should you check before administering Coumadin?

Answer 15

INR and for any bleeding, especially blood in the urine

Question 16

What are the most common symptoms of antibiotics?

Answer 16

GI distress, especially with IV antibiotics

Question 17

What are the 3 major side effects of narcotics?

Answer 17

CNS effects, respiratory depression, constipation

Question 18

What is the pure food and drug act?

Answer 18

Requires medications to be free from impure products; first American law to regulate medications

Question 19

What is the medwatch program?

Answer 19

A program the encourages nurses to report when a medication, product or medical event causes serious harm to a patient

Question 20

What is the primary organ for excretion?

Answer 20

The kidneys

Question 21

What effect on medication occurs if the a person’s renal system is compromised?

Answer 21

Medication stays in the body for longer

Question 22

What factors influence absorption?

Answer 22

Route of administration, ability to dissolve, blood flow to site of administration, body surface area, lipid solubility of medication

Question 23

What factors affect distribution?

Answer 23

Physical and chemical properties of the medication and physiology of the person taking it (circulation, membrane permeability, protein binding)

Question 24

What should you avoid when giving a GI protectant?

Answer 24

Giving concurrently with other medications

Question 25

What is the quickest route of med administration?

Answer 25

IV

Question 26

What is the slowest route of med administration?

Answer 26

GI

Question 27

What is the second quickest route of med administration?

Answer 27

Mucous membranes

Question 28

Where does most metabolism occur?

Answer 28

In the liver

Question 29

What are the normal parameters for BUN?

Answer 29

6 - 20 mg/dL

Question 30

What are the normal parameters for GFR?

Answer 30

90 - 120 mL/min/1.73m2

Question 31

What are the means of excretion?

Answer 31

Kidney, liver, bowel, lungs, exocrine glands

Question 32

Define therapeutic effect.

Answer 32

Expected or predicted physiological response

Question 33

Define side effect.

Answer 33

Unavoidable secondary effect

Question 34

Define adverse effect.

Answer 34

Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable effect

Question 35

Define toxic effect.

Answer 35

Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream

Question 36

Define idiosyncratic reaction.

Answer 36

Over-reaction, under-reaction, or different reaction than normal

Question 37

Define synergistic effect.

Answer 37

Combined effect of two medications is greater than the effects of the two medications given separately

Question 38

What are the six rights of medication?

Answer 38

Right medication, right dose, right patient, right route, right time, right documentation

Question 39

Define polypharmacy.

Answer 39

Two or more medications

Question 40

What level of INR is considered toxic?

Answer 40

4

Question 41

When should you hold the medication Digoxin?

Answer 41

When the AP is 60 or lower

Question 42

What should you do after giving medication through an NG suction tube?

Answer 42

Keep the suction turned off for at least 30 minutes after medication administration