Lecture: Infection Control

Question 1

Colonization

Answer 1

Presence or growth of microorganisms without tissue damage or invasion; always present

Question 2

Infection

Answer 2

Invasion of susceptible host by pathogens

Question 3

Communicable Disease

Answer 3

Infectious disease that can be spread from person to person

Question 4

Ways to break chain of infection

Answer 4

Reservoir, host, infectious agent, portal of entry, portal of exit, mode of transmission

Question 5

What is the best way to avoid infection

Answer 5

Hand hygiene

Question 6

Types of infectious agents

Answer 6

Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa

Question 7

Common portals of exit

Answer 7

Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, breaks in skin, blood, tissue

Question 8

Modes of transmission

Answer 8

Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne

Question 9

Inflammation

Answer 9

Protective vascular response; brings fluid, blood and nutrients

Question 10

Localized inflammation

Answer 10

Affects specific site; brings swelling, redness, pain, heat, reduced function

Question 11

Systemic inflammation

Answer 11

Affects whole system; brings fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, lymph node enlargement, organ failure

Question 12

What type of lab data would indicate infection?

Answer 12

Elevated WBC, elevated ESR, presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum or culture

Question 13

What is a normal WBC?

Answer 13

5,000 to 10,000 mm3

Question 14

Stages of infection

Answer 14

1. Incubation period: growing/multiplying
2. Prodromal stage: most infectious, symptoms vague
3. Full stage of infection: specific symptoms
4. Convalescent period: recovery

Question 15

Normal defenses

Answer 15

Normal flora, body system defenses, inflammation

Question 16

HAI

Answer 16

Hospital acquired infections or nosocomial infections

Question 17

What are the most common types of hospital acquired infections?

Answer 17

Urinary catheter related, surgical site infections, pneumonia, sepsis

Question 18

MRSA

Answer 18

Methicillin-Resistant Staph. Aureus

Question 19

VRE

Answer 19

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci. Contracted through feces, urine or blood of infected person.

Question 20

Clostridium Difficile

Answer 20

Spore forming bacteria; causes pseudomembranous colitis

Question 21

Medical Asepsis

Answer 21

Clean technique

Question 22

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 22

Sterile technique (ex: OR, inserting urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes)