Lecture Four Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of hallucinogens?

A

LSD
PCP
Cannabis

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2
Q

What are some examples of opiates (narcotics)?

A

Morphine

Heroin

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3
Q

What are some examples of depressants?

A
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Rohypnol
GHB
Alcohol
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4
Q

What are some examples of stimulants?

A
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine
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5
Q

What is tolerance?

A

A situation which occurs with continued use of a drug in which an individual requires a greater dosage to achieve the same effect

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6
Q

What is physiological dependence?

A

The body becomes adjusted to or dependent on a drug

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7
Q

What is psychological dependence?

A

The psychological need or craving for a drug

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8
Q

What is a teratogen?

A

Environmental factors such as diseases or drugs that cause structural abnormalities in a developing foetus

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9
Q

What does foetal alcohol syndrome cause?

A

Small heads, bodies and facial abnormalities

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10
Q

Which neurotransmitter do hallucinogens affect?

A

Seratonin

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitter do opiates affect?

A

Opiates bind to the same neurotransmitter as endorphins and increase receptor site activity

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12
Q

Which neurotransmitter do depressants affect?

A

GABA

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13
Q

Which neurotransmitters do stimulants affect?

A

Norepinephrine
Seratonin
Dopamine

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14
Q

What is the reward pathway?

A

Rewarding stimulus administered
Info travels to the ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Nucleus accumbens is affected
Prefrontal cortex is stimulated

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15
Q

What is the pathway ecstasy takes to get to the brain?

A
Absorbed in the stomach
Absorbed into the blood
Through liver and into the veins of the heart
Pumped from the heart into the lungs
Oxygenated blood travels to the brain
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16
Q

What are the distinct effects of cocaine on a foetus?

A

Deformities of genitals/urinary tract/heart/kidney
Brain seizures
Mental illness

17
Q

What are the distinct effects of meth on a foetus?

A

Delayed motor development

18
Q

What are the distinct effects of heroin methadone on a foetus?

A

Withdrawal
SIDS
Delayed development

19
Q

What are the distinct effects of tobacco on foetus?

A
Diabetes
High bp in childhood
Reduction in grey matter
ADHD
Aggression
Internalising and externalising behaviours
20
Q

What are the acute effects of ecstasy?

A

Heightened perception
Stimulation
Elevated mood
Reduced appetite

21
Q

What are the adverse effects of ecstasy?

A
Hyperthermia
Jaw clenching
Disturbed behaviour
Clouded thinking
Memory impairment