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Health Psychology Readings > Lecture Eleven Reading > Flashcards

Lecture Eleven Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between implicit and explicit memory?

A

Implicit memory requires no conscious effort to encode or recover information but explicit memory requires conscious effort

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2
Q

What is memory?

A

The mental capacity to encode, store or retrieve information

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3
Q

What is the difference between procedural and declarative memory?

A

Procedural memory refers to learning how to do things

whereas declarative memory refers to facts or figures

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4
Q

What is encoding?

A

The process by which a mental representation is stored in the brain

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5
Q

What is storage?

A

The retention of encoded material over time

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6
Q

What is retrieval?

A

The recovery of stored information from memory

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7
Q

What is iconic memory?

A

Memory system in the visual domain which allows large amounts of information to be stored for very brief durations

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8
Q

What is the magic number for short term memory recall?

A

Seven plus or minus two

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9
Q

What is chunking?

A

Grouping items together on the basis of similarity or another organising principle

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10
Q

What is working memory?

A

A memory resource that is used to accomplish tasks

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11
Q

What are the three aspects of working memory?

A

Phonological loop
Visuospatial sketch pad
Central executive

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12
Q

What is short term memory?

A

A memory associated with the preservation of recent experiences and the retrieval of information from long term memory (20-30 seconds)

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13
Q

What is long term memory?

A

Memory processes associated with the preservation of information for retrieval at any later time

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14
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

A long term memory for autobiographical events and the context in which they occured

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15
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

A generic categorical memory

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16
Q

What is encoding specificity?

A

Subsequent retrieval of information is enhanced if the cues received at the time of recall are consistent with those present at the time of encoding (including internal body state)

17
Q

What is the serial position effect?

A

Recall of items at the beginning and end of a list is better than for items in the middle

18
Q

What is the levels of processing theory?

A

A theory which suggests that the deeper the level that the information was processed the more likely it is to be retained in memory

19
Q

What is transfer appropriate processing?

A

Memory is best when the type of processing carried out at encoding transfers to the processes required at retrieval

20
Q

What is priming?

A

Implicit memory improves when exposed to a word or situation previously

21
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Circumstances in which past memories make it more difficult to receive and code information

22
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

Circumstances where new memories make it more difficult to remember old memories

23
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

Enriching the encoding of information to make it easier to remember

24
Q

What is metamemory?

A

Knowledge about memory strategies

25
Q

What is reconstructive memory?

A

Putting information together based on general types of stored knowledge in the absence of a specific memory representation

26
Q

What is a flash bulb memory?

A

A person’s vivid memory in response to personal or public events that have great emotional significance

27
Q

What are the three levels of encoding?

A

Structural=shallow
Phonemic=intermediate
Semantic=deep

28
Q

What are the three steps to long term memory retrieval?

A
  1. Recall
  2. Recognition
  3. Reconstruction (piecing memory together from a few highlights)
29
Q

What is rate of forgetting?

A

Fastest after initial learning

Slower for more meaningful material

30
Q

What are the five reasons we forget things?

A

Failure to encode-not put in LTM
Decay-fade over time
Interference-confusion of similar memories
Retrieval failure-inability to find memory cue
Motivated forgetting-repression of memories

31
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

Repeating something over and over

Health Psychology Readings (11 decks)

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