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Comparative Anatomy 408 > Lecture Exam 4: Urogenital/Reproductive > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4: Urogenital/Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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2
Q

What is glamariolus?

A

Tufted capillaries

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3
Q

Where does the Archinephric duct drain?

A

drained to cloaca or bladder

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the earliest vertebrate kidney?

A

Filtration system
Extended entire length of body cavity
External glomeruli
Archinephric duct, which drains to cloaca/bladder

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5
Q

What is a pronephric kidney?

A

1st embryonic tubules in all vertebrates

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6
Q

Where is the pronephric kidney located?

A

Anteriorly

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6
Q

What is the function of the pronephric kidney?

A

Pronephros only functions temporarily until the mesonephric kidney attaches; glomerulus and tubules

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7
Q

When does the pronephros function until?

A

Until the glomeruli and tubules that sit posteriorly move up and become functional

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8
Q

What duct drains pronephros?

A

Pronephric duct

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9
Q

What is mesonephric kidney?

A

Functional adult kidney of fish and amphibians

Embryonic kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals

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10
Q

Whats connected to the mesonephric duct?

A

Tubules

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11
Q

What is the mesonephric kidney in sharks?

A

Opisthonephric

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12
Q

What happens with the mesonephros in males?

A

Anterior tubules conduct sperm from the testis to the mesonephric duct (sexual kidney)

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13
Q

What is lost in an amniote kidney?

A

Pronephric kidney

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14
Q

What happens with the mesonephric kidney in an amniote?

A

Involutes (curls up) at birth

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15
Q

What kind of kidney does an amniote have?

A

Metanephric

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a metanephric kidney?

A

Large number of corpuscles
Drained by ureter
Mesonephric duct

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17
Q

What does the mesonephric duct turn into in mammal? amphibians?

A

Vas deferens and
Ductus deferens

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18
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Renal capsule + glomerulus

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19
Q

What is the anatomy of the Nephron

A

Renal corpuscle
PCT
Nephron loop
-Ascending
-Descending
DCT
Collecting ducts
Peritubular capillary network

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20
Q

What is the functional part of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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21
Q

Where is the point of attachment in the amniote kidney?

A

Proximal C tubule

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22
Q

When does urine become urine?

A

When it enters the collecting ducts

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23
Q

What is urine before it enters the collecting ducts?

A

Filtrate

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24
Q

Afferent =

A

Arrive

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25
Q

Efferent=

A

Exit

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26
Q

What animals don’t have a urinary bladder?

A

Snakes, crocodilians, and birds

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27
Q

Where does the bladder arise from in amphibians and mammals?

A

Evaginations of cloacal wall

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28
Q

What are gonads?

A

Testis
Ovaries

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29
Q

Where are the embryonic gonads?

A

Paired ridges medial to mesonephric kidney

30
Q

What could result in only 1 testis or ovary?

A

Failure of 1 ridge to fuse or differentiate

31
Q

Which animals only have a left kidney?

A

Crocodilians and most birds

32
Q

What causes early gonads to either be testis or ovaries?

33
Q

Where do the testis descend?

A

Permanently into scrotal sacs in many mammals

34
Q

What is the Cremaster muscle?

A

Pulls testes toward body

35
Q

What is cryptorchid?

A

Testes remain in abdomen

36
Q

What does a nephron include?

A

Glamariolus
Renal capsule
Convoluted tubules

37
Q

What is the most earliest vertebrate kidney?

A

Archinephric

38
Q

What kind of genital ducts do some fishes and amphibians have?

A

mesonephric duct transmits sperm & urine

39
Q

What kind of genital ducts do some amphibians have?

A

mesonephric duct transports only sperm;
new accessory urinary duct drains the kidney

40
Q

What kind of genital ducts do sharks have?

A

mesonephric duct is used primarily for sperm transport;
accessory urinary duct develops

41
Q

What kind of genital ducts do Teleosts have?

A

mesonephric duct drains kidney;
separate sperm duct develops

42
Q

What kind of genital ducts do amniotes have?

A

embryonic mesonephric ducts transport sperm in adults

43
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

ova production

44
Q

What are muellarian ducts?

A

Gives rise to female reproductive tract

45
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Entrance to the uterus

46
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Copulatory organ

47
Q

What are uterine tubes?

A

Relatively short, small in diameter, convoluted and lined with cilia; begin with fimbria

48
Q

What is a duplex uterus?

A

2 reproductive tracts

49
Q

What animals have a duplex uterus?

A

Monotremes and marsupials

50
Q

What is a bipartite uterus?

A

2 uterine horns
Body of uterus has 2 lumens
Single vagina

51
Q

What animals have a bipartite uterus?

52
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

2 uterine horns
Single lumen
Single vagina

53
Q

What animals have a bicornuate Uterus?

A

Cats and dogs

54
Q

What is a simplex uterus?

A

No uterine horns

55
Q

What animals have a simplex uterus?

56
Q

What is 1?

A

Fish uterus

57
Q

What is 3?

A

Monotreme uterus

57
Q

What is 2?

A

Bird uterus

58
Q

What is 4?

A

Marsupial uterus

59
Q

What is 5

A

Rabbit uterus

60
Q

What is 6?

A

Dog uterus

61
Q

What is 7?

62
Q

Which animals have no cloaca?

A

Fish
Monotremes
Mammals

63
Q

What is corpodaeum?

A

Receives alimentary canal

64
Q

What is Urodaeum?

A

Receives urinary and reproductive products

65
Q

What is proctodaeum?

66
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cloaca?

A

Coprodaeum
Urodaeum
Proctodaeum

67
Q

What is bidders organ?

A

Undeveloped ovary in toads

If testes are removed, becomes a functional ovary

68
Q

What are claspers?

A

Appendages of pelvic fin in cartilaginous fish; directs sperm into female reproductive tract

69
Q

What is a hemipenis

A

Pocketlike diverticula of wall of cloaca

70
Q

Which animals have a hemipenis?

A

Snakes and lizzards

71
Q

What are muellarian ducts in males? In females?

A

M- Duct is nonfunctional
F- Reproductive tract

Comparative Anatomy 408 (10 decks)

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