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Comparative Anatomy 408 > Lecture Exam 4: Urogenital/Reproductive > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4: Urogenital/Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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2
Q

What is glamariolus?

A

Tufted capillaries

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3
Q

Where does the Archinephric duct drain?

A

drained to cloaca or bladder

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the earliest vertebrate kidney?

A

Filtration system
Extended entire length of body cavity
External glomeruli
Archinephric duct, which drains to cloaca/bladder

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5
Q

What is a pronephric kidney?

A

1st embryonic tubules in all vertebrates

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6
Q

Where is the pronephric kidney located?

A

Anteriorly

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6
Q

What is the function of the pronephric kidney?

A

Pronephros only functions temporarily until the mesonephric kidney attaches; glomerulus and tubules

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7
Q

When does the pronephros function until?

A

Until the glomeruli and tubules that sit posteriorly move up and become functional

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8
Q

What duct drains pronephros?

A

Pronephric duct

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9
Q

What is mesonephric kidney?

A

Functional adult kidney of fish and amphibians

Embryonic kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals

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10
Q

Whats connected to the mesonephric duct?

A

Tubules

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11
Q

What is the mesonephric kidney in sharks?

A

Opisthonephric

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12
Q

What happens with the mesonephros in males?

A

Anterior tubules conduct sperm from the testis to the mesonephric duct (sexual kidney)

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13
Q

What is lost in an amniote kidney?

A

Pronephric kidney

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14
Q

What happens with the mesonephric kidney in an amniote?

A

Involutes (curls up) at birth

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15
Q

What kind of kidney does an amniote have?

A

Metanephric

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a metanephric kidney?

A

Large number of corpuscles
Drained by ureter
Mesonephric duct

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17
Q

What does the mesonephric duct turn into in mammal? amphibians?

A

Vas deferens and
Ductus deferens

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18
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Renal capsule + glomerulus

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19
Q

What is the anatomy of the Nephron

A

Renal corpuscle
PCT
Nephron loop
-Ascending
-Descending
DCT
Collecting ducts
Peritubular capillary network

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20
Q

What is the functional part of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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21
Q

Where is the point of attachment in the amniote kidney?

A

Proximal C tubule

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22
Q

When does urine become urine?

A

When it enters the collecting ducts

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23
Q

What is urine before it enters the collecting ducts?

A

Filtrate

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24
Afferent =
Arrive
25
Efferent=
Exit
26
What animals don't have a urinary bladder?
Snakes, crocodilians, and birds
27
Where does the bladder arise from in amphibians and mammals?
Evaginations of cloacal wall
28
What are gonads?
Testis Ovaries
29
Where are the embryonic gonads?
Paired ridges medial to mesonephric kidney
30
What could result in only 1 testis or ovary?
Failure of 1 ridge to fuse or differentiate
31
Which animals only have a left kidney?
Crocodilians and most birds
32
What causes early gonads to either be testis or ovaries?
Hormones
33
Where do the testis descend?
Permanently into scrotal sacs in many mammals
34
What is the Cremaster muscle?
Pulls testes toward body
35
What is cryptorchid?
Testes remain in abdomen
36
What does a nephron include?
Glamariolus Renal capsule Convoluted tubules
37
What is the most earliest vertebrate kidney?
Archinephric
38
What kind of genital ducts do some fishes and amphibians have?
mesonephric duct transmits sperm & urine
39
What kind of genital ducts do some amphibians have?
mesonephric duct transports only sperm; new accessory urinary duct drains the kidney
40
What kind of genital ducts do sharks have?
mesonephric duct is used primarily for sperm transport; accessory urinary duct develops
41
What kind of genital ducts do Teleosts have?
mesonephric duct drains kidney; separate sperm duct develops
42
What kind of genital ducts do amniotes have?
embryonic mesonephric ducts transport sperm in adults
43
What is oogenesis?
ova production
44
What are muellarian ducts?
Gives rise to female reproductive tract
45
What is the cervix?
Entrance to the uterus
46
What is the vagina?
Copulatory organ
47
What are uterine tubes?
Relatively short, small in diameter, convoluted and lined with cilia; begin with fimbria
48
What is a duplex uterus?
2 reproductive tracts
49
What animals have a duplex uterus?
Monotremes and marsupials
50
What is a bipartite uterus?
2 uterine horns Body of uterus has 2 lumens Single vagina
51
What animals have a bipartite uterus?
Rabbits
52
What is a bicornuate uterus?
2 uterine horns Single lumen Single vagina
53
What animals have a bicornuate Uterus?
Cats and dogs
54
What is a simplex uterus?
No uterine horns
55
What animals have a simplex uterus?
Primates
56
What is 1?
Fish uterus
57
What is 3?
Monotreme uterus
57
What is 2?
Bird uterus
58
What is 4?
Marsupial uterus
59
What is 5
Rabbit uterus
60
What is 6?
Dog uterus
61
What is 7?
Primate
62
Which animals have no cloaca?
Fish Monotremes Mammals
63
What is corpodaeum?
Receives alimentary canal
64
What is Urodaeum?
Receives urinary and reproductive products
65
What is proctodaeum?
Excretory
66
What are the 3 divisions of the cloaca?
Coprodaeum Urodaeum Proctodaeum
67
What is bidders organ?
Undeveloped ovary in toads If testes are removed, becomes a functional ovary
68
What are claspers?
Appendages of pelvic fin in cartilaginous fish; directs sperm into female reproductive tract
69
What is a hemipenis
Pocketlike diverticula of wall of cloaca
70
Which animals have a hemipenis?
Snakes and lizzards
71
What are muellarian ducts in males? In females?
M- Duct is nonfunctional F- Reproductive tract

Comparative Anatomy 408 (10 decks)

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