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Comparative Anatomy 408 > Lecture Exam 4: Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the new name for Node of Ranvier?

A

Myelin sheath gaps

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2
Q

What do sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons do?

A

Acts as receptors of stimuli
OR
Activated by receptors which they are connected to

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3
Q

What are motor (efferent or effector) neurons?

A

Send information processed in the CNS or PNS via a signal to the body’s effectors

This causes them to respond by contracting, and glands secreting

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4
Q

What are interneuron’s or associative neurons?

A

Neither sensory nor motor, they connect neurons with other neurons

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons- nerve cells?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a multipolar nerve cell?

A

1 or more dendritic branches from all parts of the cell body

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a Bipolar nerve cell?

A

2 processes from cell soma

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a Unipolar nerve cell?

A

No dendrites arising directly from cells soma

1 primary process that gives rise to several branches

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9
Q

What do the neuroglial cells (nerve glue) do?

A

Support
Nourish
Insulate Neurons

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10
Q

How many neuroglial cells are there in the nervous system?

A

4

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11
Q

How many neuroglial cells are there in the peripheral system?

A

2

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12
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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14
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

Wraps around capillaries, creates blood/brain barrier

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15
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

White blood cells of NCS, takes away bad things; phagocytes

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16
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Be within choroid plexus, help secrete spinal fluid

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17
Q

What is oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelination

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18
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Wraps around cell body

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19
Q

What is schwann?

A

A myelinated neuron

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20
Q

What does somatic imply?

A

Voluntary

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21
Q

What is an example of somatic nervous system?

A

Skeletal system

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22
Q

What does autonomic imply?

A

Automatic

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23
Q

What is sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight

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24
Q

What is parasympathetic?

A

Rest and digest

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25
Q

Tail musculature:

A

Spinal cord extends to caudal end of vertebral column

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26
Q

No tail musculature:

A

Spinal cord extends to lumbar region of vertebral column (Cauda Equina)

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27
Q

No tail =

A

Spinal cord stops between L1 and L2
Lumbar vertebrae 1 & 2

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28
Q

What is the Filum terminale?

A

Non neural structure that anchors the spinal cord

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29
Q

What is foramen magnum of skull?

A
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30
Q

What is grey matter in the spinal cord?

A

Nerve cell bodies

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31
Q

What are the 2 different fiber tracts of the spinal cord?

A

Ascending and Descending

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32
Q

What is white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Nerve axons

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33
Q

What is ganglion?

A

Group of cell bodies

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33
Q

What is the ascending (afferent) fiber tract responsible for?

A

Sensory

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34
Q

What is the descending (efferent) fiber tract responsible for?

A

Motor

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35
Q

What are the 2 roots from the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal roots
Ventral roots

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36
Q

What are dorsal roots?

A

Has ganglion (sensory)

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37
Q

What are ventral roots?

A

No ganglion (moto)

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38
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots did not unite in what animals?

A

Early vertebrates

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39
Q

What is the Prosencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?

A

Smell

Found in forebrain

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40
Q

What is part of the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

40
Q

What is part of the telencephalon?

A

Cerebrum

40
Q

What are the divisions of prosencephalon?

A

Telencephalon (cerebrum)
Diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus)

41
Q

What is the Mesencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?

A

Vision

Midbrain

42
Q

What are the subdivisions of the mesencephalon?

A

No further subdivisions

43
Q

What is the Rhombencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?

A

Hearing

Hindbrain

44
Q

What are the subdivisions of Rhombencephalon?

A

Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)
Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

45
Q

What makes up the metencephalon?

A

Pons
Cerebellum

46
Q

What makes up the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

47
Q

What parts are included in the forebrain-Diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Optic chiasma
Pituitary Gland
Epithalamus

48
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Controls body temp
Sexual and emotional behavior
Water balance
Blood pressure

(Autonomic Nervous System)

49
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Relay center for sensory impulses from body

50
Q

What is the optic chiasma?

A

Where two optic nerves cross

51
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

“The master gland”

52
Q

What is the epithalamus?

A

Pineal Gland

53
Q

What is the Epithalamus/pineal gland responsible for in lower vertebrates?

A

Skin pigmentation; acts on melanocytes; gives skin pigmentation in lower vertebrates

54
Q

What is the Epithalamus/pineal gland responsible for in higher vertebrates?

A

Biological rhythm regulation
-Allows you to know when its time to sleep and get up
-releases melatonin

55
Q

What parts are included in the midbrain?

A

Tectum (dorsal part)
Tegmentum (ventral part)
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon

56
Q

What makes up the tegmentum?

A

Optic lobes
Auditory lobes

57
Q

What is cranial nerve I? Type? Function?

A

Olfactory
Sensory
Smell

58
Q

What is cranial nerve II? Type? Function?

A

Optic
Sensory
Vision

59
Q

What is cranial nerve III? Type? Function?

A

Oculomotor
Motor
Most eye movements

60
Q

What is cranial nerve IV? Type? Function?

A

Trochlear
Motor
Moves eyes

61
Q

What is cranial nerve V? Type? Function?

A

Trigeminal
Both
Face sensation, mastication

62
Q

What is cranial nerve VI? Type? Function?

A

Abducens
Motor
Abducts the eye

63
Q

What is cranial nerve VII? Type? Function?

A

Facial
Both
Facial expression, taste

64
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII? Type? Function?

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing Balance

65
Q

What is cranial nerve IX? Type? Function?

A

Glossopharyngeal
Both
Taste, gag reflex

66
Q

What is cranial nerve X? Type? Function?

A

Vagus
Both
Gag reflux, parasympathetic innervation

67
Q

What is cranial nerve XI? Type? Function?

A

Accessory
Motor
Shoulder shrug

68
Q

What is cranial nerve XII? Type? Function?

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Swallowing, speech

69
Q

What does the telencephalon turn into?

A

Cerebrum

70
Q

What parts make up the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus

70
Q

What part is the mesencephalon from?

A

Midbrain

70
Q

From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the forebrain?

A

Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex
Olfactory bulb
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

71
Q

From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the midbrain?

A

Tectum
Tegmentum

71
Q

From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the Hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla

71
Q

How many hemispheres does the cerebrum have?

A

2

72
Q

What does the cerebrum deal with?

A

Higher thought

73
Q

What are the 2 regions of the telencephalon?

A

Dorsal Pallium
Sub Pallium

74
Q

What is the dorsal pallium made of?

A

Medial
Dorsal
Lateral divisions

75
Q

What does the medial pallium become?

A

Hippocampus

75
Q

What does the hippocampus deal with?

A

Memory

76
Q

What does the dorsal pallium become?

A

Neocortex

76
Q

Which animals have a very large neocortex?

A

Humans

77
Q

What does the lateral pallium become?

A

Amygdala

78
Q

What does the amygdala and hippocampus have to deal with?

A

Memory

79
Q

Where is basal ganglia found?

A

Sub pallium

80
Q

What increases in size in higher vertebrates?

A

Cerebrum; there is higher thought

81
Q

What gets smaller with higher vertebrates?

A

Olfactory

82
Q
A
82
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83
Q
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84
Q
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85
Q
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86
Q
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86
Q
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87
Q
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88
Q
A
89
Q
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90
Q
A

Comparative Anatomy 408 (10 decks)

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