Lecture Exam 3 - M11 - 34A - 34D

Question 1

So how does a gastrovascular cavity help with Diffusion? Is it a small membrane?

Answer 1

it is a small membrane – so helps food/oxygen move into the organism

Question 2

So what are the tracheal tubes of insects?

Answer 2

Where air is delivered into the insects.

Question 3

Do Amphibians have a combination of both tracheal tubes and resp. system? If yes, then what are they used for?

Answer 3

Yes, they use both w/ movement across the skin - so keep in mind that this is Simple Diffusion, and using trachea to engulf air down into the lungs

Question 4

• In addition, what else does the circulatory system help with?

Answer 4

Also works in tandem to get rid of wastes

Question 5

• What are the 3 Basics of the Circulatory System?

Answer 5

Circulatory Fluid
Interconnected Vessels
Heart

Question 6

• So what is the difference between open vs close circulatory system?

Answer 6

Open: Where blood is not enclosed to the blood vessels - same thing as in Hemolymph I think.

Closed: Where blood is pumped through the vessels separate from Interstitial fluid.

Question 7

• So an OPEN Circulatory system reminds you of what?

Answer 7

a Pipette, where when you squeeze the rubber end, it expels water, and then when you release it, it sucks the water back in

Question 8

• In contrast, in a closed Circulatory System, what is the Circulatory fluid?

Answer 8

it is Blood, that is confined to blood vessels

Question 9

• So in Annelids/Worms, what do multiple hearts help do?

Answer 9

helps deliver blood to infiltrate to the organs/tissues in a Closed Circulatory System.

Question 10

• What is the blood-interstitial fluid in an Earth Worm? Is this part of the Closed Circulatory System?

Answer 10

It is the go between the blood and the cells in a Closed Circulatory System.

Question 11

What’s the difference between blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 11

For example, also like a Hemolymph, but generally:

Interstitial Fluid: is a thin layer of fluid that surrounds the cells of the tissues below your skin, not from your blood.

Question 12

So what is Circulatory Fluid?

Answer 12

Literally blood confined to the vessels, distinct from interstitial fluid.

Question 13

• What does Arteries do?

Answer 13

Helps deliver blood from the heart to the organs.

Question 14

• What are arterioles? Arterioles are also (arteries) *Picture

Answer 14

Arties branching to organs.

Question 15

• What are Venules

Answer 15

So this is blood that is starting to carry CO2 and is pulled off slightly - so brings oxygen depleted blood to the veins

Question 16

• What are Capillaries?

Answer 16

Microscopic-porous, where dissolved gases-chemicals exchange via diffusion w\ blood and interstitial fluid

Question 17

• And then the Veins do what?

Answer 17

Bring blood back to the heart

Question 18

• The (surface area:volume) ratio increases as objects become larger?

Answer 18

Objects become smaller.

Question 19

• In the systemic circulatory system, oxygenated blood is pumped to the body tissues via the _____ .

Answer 19

Aorta

Question 20

• In a double circulatory system, there are two what?

Answer 20

there are two circuits of blood flow that are combined in the heart.

Question 21

So what is the Aorta of the heart?

Answer 21

In the systemic circulatory system, oxygenated blood is pumped to the body tissues.

Question 22

How does the blood carry Co2?

Answer 22

As we breath in, we take oxygen and push Co2 (Carbon Dioxide) out. So our lungs exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide. SO then the cells produce Co2 to be carried to the lungs by way of the blood.

Question 23

• Why does size matter when it comes to Diffusion?

Answer 23

When there is more volume and less surface area, diffusion takes longer and is less effective.

Question 24

• What might be the 3 characteristics that Organisms would have done to be able to adapt to Diffusion? In other words, how do they solve this problem?

Answer 24

Small size
Simple Body Plan
Respiratory and Circulatory systems

Question 25

• So what does small size have to do with diffusion?

Answer 25

because Oxygen can move in rapidly and CO2 out

Question 26

• What is the resp. system of Mammals?

Answer 26

They have a very developed respiratory system.

Question 27

• What are some things surface tension helps out with?

Answer 27

Rain drops on water to form
Trees to carry water to their leaves,
Ice to float

Question 28

• What is the Hemolymph in the Circulatory System? What does it do the cells?

Answer 28

It’s part of the OPEN circulatory system, where it makes contact with the tissues & organs.

*It BATHES the cells

Also mixes with the Interstitial fluid.

Question 29

• When the heart contracts and PUMPS HEMOLYMPH, what does it do?

Answer 29

(heart contractions = pumps hemolymph through vessels,

relaxation = draws liquid back in like a pipette)