Lab 3 - Immune System - 2 Flashcards
In addition to the destruction of harmful organisms in the body, what else do Macrophages do?
they can also present antigens to T cells and initiate inflammation by releasing molecules (known as cytokines) that activate other cells.
What is Hemoglobin?
the iron-containing protein that transports O2.
Receptor molecules bind to what?
foreign cells, and viruses
• What is the barrier when it comes to immunity?
Essentially the skin, also the mucous membranes lining the digestive, urinary, respiratory and reproduction tracts
• Why do receptors need to ID traits of pathogens?
Because they have an important role in Signaling, Responsible for Inflammation, and the Containment of Local Infection and eventually the initiation of an adaptive response.
• Specifically for invertebrates, what is Lysozyme, in other words how does it help them?
It breaks down bacterial cell walls – it is an act of defense from ingested food
• Within Invertebrates, hemocytes produce what to trigger an innate immune response? What are examples?
They produce melanin and reactive oxygen - to kill the parasite
examples are: phagocytosis, antimicrobial, peptide and proteins
• What is a hemocyte?
A blood cell in an invertebrate (or immune system within invertebrates)
• How do secretions help to destroy viruses/fungi that want to invade our bodies?
By way of the secretion of a chemical called interferon, which blocks viruses from reproducing.
• What does the Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize in Vertebrates like us?
The immune recognition of a pathogen - white blood cell recognizes molecular characteristics of many pathogens
• What are Neutrophils?
WBC – circulates the blood, are attracted by signals from infected tissues, and then engulfs and destroys the infecting pathogen.
• What are Macrophages?
A phagocytic cell - also known as the “big eaters”
