Lecture Exam 2

Question 1

Viruses have some of the properties of cellular life forms. Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses

Answer 1

Grow in response to their environmental conditions

Question 2

Which of the following structures do animal viruses use to attach themselves and enter the host cells?

Answer 2

Viral spikes

Question 3

A naked virus

Answer 3

Has no envelope

Question 4

Viruses that have plus strand RNA chromosomes that act as a template for DNA synthesis are known as:

Answer 4

Proviruses

Question 5

Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS is caused by a retrovirus. Which of the following best represents it

Answer 5

RNA-DNA- mRNA- protein

Question 6

Which of the following represents the correct order of steps in a typical virus replication cycle?

Answer 6

Adsorption - penetration - synthesis- maturation- release

Question 7

Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

Enzymes work by:

Answer 8

Decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

Question 9

An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme’s ____ site.

Answer 9

Active

Question 10

Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitors:

Answer 10

Changes the shape of the enzyme

Question 11

Sulfa drugs bind to the active site of the enzyme which normally converts para-amino benzoic acid (PABA to folic acid, preventing the production of folic acid and eventually purine synthesis. In this case, the sulfa drug is acting as a/an:

Answer 11

Competitive inhibitors

Question 12

Influenza’s RNA genome mutates frequently causing minor changes to the HA and NA spikes called

Answer 12

Antigenic Drift

Question 13

Enzymes are affected by heat and ph

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true?

Answer 14

No competitive inhibitors bi d to several different sites on an enzyme

Question 15

In glycolysis ____ molecules of pyruvic acid are produced

Answer 15

Two

Question 16

Which of the following is true about glycolysis?

Answer 16

The net yield of ATP is two ATPs

Question 17

Pyruvic acid is metabolized in the absence of oxygen during the process of:

Answer 17

Fermentation

Question 18

The single strand positive sense RNA in animal virus is similar to mRNA and can start making protein as soon as it infects the host cell

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The mode of action of an antimicrobial agent refers to

Answer 19

How it exert its effects upon microorganisms

Question 20

Selective toxicity

Answer 20

Harms microbes without significantly harming the host

Question 21

Side effects due to antimicrobial agents are:

a. Allergic reactions
b. Toxicity
c. Disruption of microbial flora
d. All of the above

Answer 21

All of the above

Question 22

Mechanism of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents include all of the following except:

Answer 22

Alteration of normal microflora

Question 23

Destruction or inactivation of antimicrobial agents is an example of what kind of bacterial resistance mechanism?

Answer 23

Enzyme development

Question 24

Mutation of DNA that produces an altered ribosomes is an example of what type of bacterial resistance mechanism?

Answer 24

Alterations target

Question 25

A microorganism that can cause ready-made folic acid from its environment and no longer needs to synthesize it from the PABA precursor demonstrates what type of antimicrobial resistance organism?

Answer 25

Alteration of an enzyme

Question 26

Because the tetracyclines are effective against a large variety of different organisms they are considered to:

Answer 26

Be broad spectrum drugs

Question 27

Waterborne transmission of pathogens involving water contaminated by raw sewage is an example of what mode of transmission?

Answer 27

Droplet nucleic

Question 28

Pathogens that are delivered by insects follow what mode of disease transmission?

Answer 28

Vector borne

Question 29

Which of the following pertain to food borne transmission of infectious agents?

Answer 29

Unsanitary food preparation

Question 30

Sexually transmitted disease are most often spread by what mode of transmission?

Answer 30

Direct contact

Question 31

Zoonosis refers to an infectious disease that is transmitted:

Answer 31

From human to their pets

Question 32

A bacteria that is transformed:

Answer 32

Has acquired naked DNA from the environment

Question 33

The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by a virus is:

Answer 33

Conjugation