Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
What occurs when bacteria differ widely in form?
Pleomorphism
Less than what percentage of known microorganisms are consider pathogenic
1%
Robert Hooke built a compound microscope in year
1665
Endocytocis
Is the process of taking materials into the cell
Who is considered the father of antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
Where is peptidoglycan
Cell wall
Removal of the cell wall of a Gram positive bacteria results in the formation of a _____
Protoplast
Bacteria with flagella all over their surface are said to be:
Peritrichous
Some bacteria can transfer DNA to another cell using:
Conjugation pili
During diffusion molecules ______.
Move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
Similarities between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells are that they
Encoded genetic information in DNA molecules
Have true nucleus
Peptidoglycan makes up more than 60% of a ______ bacteria
Gram positive
Penicillin controls the growth of bacteria by ______
Preventing peptidoglycan synthesis
Lysozyme found in human tears controls the growth of bacteria by _____
Digesting peptidoglycan
The charged phosphate end of a membrane phosphate lipid layer is ____
Hydrophilic
Bacterial ribosomes
Have a sedimentation rate of 70S
Inclusions found in bacteria include:
Granules
Vesicles
The periplasmic space is found ______
Between the inner cell membrane and outer cell wall membrane
What sterilization technique should be used on beer and milk?
Pasteurization
An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria is called a
Bacteriostatic agent
A viricide is an agent that ______
Inactivates viruses
Which of the following is not affecting the effectiveness of a chemical antimicrobial agent
Combustibility
The use of phenol as a standard chemical disinfectant is referred to as the _____
Phenol coefficient
All of the following qualities apply to the selection of an ideal antibacterial agent except:
a) fast acting
b) effectiveness against all infective agents without harming host tissue
c) no offensive odor
d) expensive and difficult to obtain and use
d) expensive and difficult to obtain and use
Heat kills microorganisms by denaturing their _____
Proteins
Agents that denature proteins include all of the following include all of the following except:
a) acid
b) heat
c) pasteurization
d) cold treatment
d)cold treatment
Surfactant include all of the following except:
a) alcohol
b) detergents
c) quaternary ammonium compounds
d) oxidizing agents
d)oxidizing agents
Which of the following is not one of the phases of bacterial
a) Lag phase
b) Stationary Phase
c) Doubling Phase
d) Log Phase
c)Doubling Phase
During which phase organisms produce large amounts of ATP
Lag phase
What is another name for the log phase?
Exponential phase
The type of cell reproduction in which a small, new cell develops from the surface of an existing and then separates from the parent cell is known as _____ and is the the normal mode of replication in _____.
Budding, yeast
A bacterial culture can be kept in the log phase of growth indefinitely with the help of a
Chemostat
Turbidity in a bacterial culture can be measured using a
Spectrophotometer
Acidophiles would be expected to grow best at a ph of _____
3
Most human pathogens are ____
Mesophiles
Which of the following is most likely to live in the deep layers of mud, where there is a complete lack of free oxygen?
Obligate anaerobe
Which type of cell will generally shift to aerobic metabolism when oxygen is available but will carry on fermentation otherwise?
Facultative anaerobes
The toxic effects of the byproducts of oxygen metabolism are reduced by which of the following?
a) Catalase
b) Superoxide dismutase
c) Lactase
d) a and b
e) a and c
a) Catalase and b)superoxide dismutase
Organism with special nutritional needs are said to be _____
Fastidious
Exoenzymes:
Produced by Gram-positive rods act in the medium around the organism
A culture that contains only a single species of organism is known as a _____
Pure culture
A media on which Gram-positive organism turn green and Gram-negative organism turn blue would be _____
Differential
