Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Microbiology?

Answer 1

The study of microbes organism so small that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Therefore, a microscope is needed to study them.

Question 2

How microbes balance the environment?

Answer 2

1. In the ocean it captures energy from sunlight and store it in molecules that other organism use as food.
2. They decompose: dead organisms, waste materials, industrial waste (like oil spill), make nitrogen available to plants

Question 3

What are some benefits of microbes?

Answer 3

1. Because of the ability to synthesize antibiotics
2. In our gut helps us digest food and provide vitamins for the body.
3. Major genetic engineering to degrade oil spills, remove toxic materials from soil, digest explosive that are too dangerous to handle

Question 4

What are pathogens?

Answer 4

Microorganisms such as Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa and some Algae that can cause disease

Question 5

What is Archaea?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cell Not a bacteria
Single-called, do not have nucleus
Live in extreme environments are called Extremophiles (extreme temperature,extreme ph)
Do not cause disease in humans

Question 6

What is Bacteria?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic Cell
Single-called, No nucleus, No membrane bound organelles
DNA in nucleoid
Multiply via binary fission
Most have specific shape (rod, spherical, spiral)

Question 7

What are Viruses?

Answer 7

Cannot survive on their own, it needs a host to survive.
Only have nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and few proteins (No organelles)
Acellular (one cell) with no nucleus
Causes disease in humans

Question 8

What are Fungi?

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cell
Fungi Are yeast
Single celled some like mushrooms are multicellular
Have cell nucleus and intracellular structures
Cause disease like ringworm, vaginal yeast (super infections)
Can be source of antibiotics

Question 9

What are Algae?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic Cells
Single-celled and multicellular
Defined nucleus and numerous membranes organelles
Photosynthesize their own food (survive on their own)
Only Prototheca can cause disease (protothecosis) in humans, dog, cats, cattle
Act as a parasite (like worms)

Question 10

What are Viroids and Prions?

Answer 10

Some smaller acellular agents
Can not be seen under the microscope
Viroids - nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)without the protein coat
Prions- protein only without any nucleic acid (mad cow disease)

Question 11

What are Protozoa?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic Cells
Single-celled one nucleus with cellular organelles
Amoebae is a Protozoa
Can be a parasite such as malaria and cause disease in humans

Question 12

What are Helminths and Arthropods?

Answer 12

Helminths (worms) stages in life cycle can cause diseases

Arthropods (insects) can transmit microbes

Question 13

What is Taxonomic?

Answer 13

The classification of organisms. Cellular organism are referred by 2 names, their genus and species ex: Escherichia coli

Question 14

Name Taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 14

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,Order, Family, Genus, Species

“Dear King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti”

Question 15

Who is the father of taxonomy?

Answer 15

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 16

Describe Domain

Answer 16

Is the broadest level of classification 
There are 3 Domains
-Bacteria (unicellularllar, prokaryotic organisms)
-Archaea (live in extreme environments)
-Eukarya (eukaryotic organism)

Question 17

Who disproved spontaneous generation belief?

Answer 17

Francesco Reid

Question 18

Who invented the cowpox vaccine?

Answer 18

Edward Jenner

Question 19

Who invented penicillin?

Answer 19

In 1928 Alexander Fleming

Question 20

Who developed porcelain filter to remove bacteria from water?

Answer 20

In 1884 Charles Chamberland

Question 21

Who is the father of antiseptic surgery?

Answer 21

Joseph Lister

Question 22

When was the first microscopic invented?

Answer 22

1665

Question 23

Most human pathogens are?

Answer 23

Mesophiles