Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 3 Basic Components of a Cell Flashcards
plasma (cell) membrane
surrounds cell, defines boundries
made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)
governs interactions with other cells
controls passage of materials in & out of the cell
surrounds cell, defines boundries
made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)
governs interactions with other cells
controls passage of materials in & out of the cell
plasma (cell) membrane
cytoplasm
inside the cell
organelles
cytoskeleton
inclusions (stored or foreign particles)
cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)
inside the cell
organelles
cytoskeleton
inclusions (stored or foreign particles)
cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)
cytoplasm
extracellular fluid ECF
fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid
fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid
extracellular fluid ECF
phospolipids
75% of membrane lipids
amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer
hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane
hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water
75% of membrane lipids
amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer
hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane
hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water
phospolipids
cholestrol
lipid
holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane
lipid
holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane
cholesterol
glycolipids
phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face
contribute to glycocalyx
phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face
contribute to glycocalyx
glycolipids
glycocalyx
carbohydrate coating on cells surface
unique pattern in everyone but identical twins
carbohydrate coating on cells surface
unique pattern in everyone but identical twins
glycocalyx
integral proteins penetrate membrane
protein membrane
allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell
protein membrane
allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell
integral proteins penetrate membrane
peripheral proteins
protein membrane
does not penetrate
on the top of the membrane
acts as enzymes
protein membrane
does not penetrate
on the top of the membrane
acts as enzymes
peripheral proteins
channel protein membrane
allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell
allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell
channel protein membrane
microvili
extens cell membrane
gives 15-40 time more surface area
best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion
extens cell membrane
gives 15-40 time more surface area
best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion
microvili
cilia
hairlike processes
motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes
beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction
hairlike processes
motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes
beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction
cilia
cilia beats freely within a ? layer at cell suface
saline
mucus floats on top a ? layer
saline
cilia
chloride pump
pumps ? into ?
? & ? follow
Cl⁻ into ECF
Na⁺ & H₂O
flagella
tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans
whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail
movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke
tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans
whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail
movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke
flagella
psudopods
used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles
used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles
psudopods
2 membrane mechanisms
passive mechanisms
active mechanisms
passive mechanisms
active mechanisms
2 membrane mechanisms
passive mechanisms
require no ATP
random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy
filtration, diffusion, osmosis
require no ATP
random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy
filtration, diffusion, osmosis
passive mechanisms
active mechanisms
uses ATP
active trasport & vesicular trasport
uses ATP
active transport & vesicular transport
active mechanisms
filtration
particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure
ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls
particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure
ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls
filtration
filtration allows delivery of ? & ? to tissues
water & nutrients
filtration allows removal of ? from capilaries in kidneys specifically at the ?
waste, glomerulus
simple diffusion
net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration
net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration
simple diffusion
osmosis
water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes
water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes
osmosis
tonicity
ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell
depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes
ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell
depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes
tonicity
hypotonic solution
causes cell to absorb water and swell
lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF
ex. distilled water
causes cell to absorb water and swell
lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF
ex. distilled water
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)
causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)
hypertonic solution
isotonic solution
causes no change in cell volume
causes no change in cell volume
isotonic solution
transport proteins in membranes carry ? into & out of the cell or orgenelle
solutes
transport proteins are specific for ? solutes
particular
saturation transport maximum
all carriers of receptor sites are occupied
all carriers of receptor sites are occupied
saturation transport maximum
3 carriers
uniport - carries one type of solute
ex. calcium pump
symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction
ex. sodium glucose transporters
antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions
ex. sodium potasium pump
uniport - carries one type of solute
ex. calcium pump
symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction
ex. sodium glucose transporters
antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions
ex. sodium potasium pump
3 carriers
3 types of carrier mediated transports
facilitated diffusion
primary active transport
secondary active transport
facilitated diffusion
primary active transport
secondary active transport
3 types of carrier mediated transports
facilitated diffusion
carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low)
does not use ATP
carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low)
does not use ATP
facilitated diffusion
primary active transport
carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high)
uses ATP
ex. sodium potassium pump
carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high)
uses ATP
ex. sodium potassium pump
primary active transport
sodium potassium pump
higher amount of Na⁺ and low amount of K⁺ on the outside of cell
higher amount of K⁺ and lower amount of Na⁺ inside of cell
diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens
the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺
this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)
diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens
the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺
this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)
sodium potassium pump
sodium potassium pump utilizes ? daily calories
half
? & ? are needed to produce ATP (energy)
glucose & oxygen
sodium potassium pump maintains ? charged resting membrane potential
negativly
secondary active trasport
glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell
glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell
secondary active trasport
vesicular transport
moves large particles through membrane
moves large particles through membrane
vesicular transport
endocytosis
vesicular process that brings materials into cell
dicharges material from the cell
vesicular process that brings materials into cell
dicharges material from the cell
endocytosis
phagocytosis
cell eating - engulfs large particles
pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages
cell eating - engulfs large particles
pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells
membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle
cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells
membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle
pinocytosis
receptor mediated enocytosis
particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane
clathrin coated vesicle
particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane
clathrin coated vesicle
receptor mediated enocytosis
transcytosis
transport material accross the cell
transport material accross the cell
transcytosis
cytoskeleton
protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape
supports structure
organizes cell contents
protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape
supports structure
organizes cell contents
cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things
microfilaments
intermediate fibers
microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate fibers
microtubules
cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things
organelles
carry out specialized metobic task
carry out specialized metobic task
organelles
6 membranous organelles
nucleus
mitochondria
lysosomes
peroxisomes
endollasmic reticulum
golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondria
lysosomes
peroxisomes
endollasmic reticulum
golgi complex
6 membranous organelles
4 nonmembranous organelles
ribosomes
centrosomes
centrioles
basal bodies
nucleous
largest organelle
largest organelle
nucleous
nucleoplasm
materials in the nucleous
such as chromatin
materials in the nucleous
such as chromatin
nucleoplasm
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
contains ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
contains ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
does not contain ribosomes
detoxifies alcohol & drugs
stores calcium
does not contain ribosomes
detoxifies alcohol & drugs
stores calcium
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code
they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code
ribosomes
golgi complex
sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles
sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles
golgi complex
lysosomes
barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle
if realesed into cell will kill the cell
barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle
if realesed into cell will kill the cell
lysosomes
autophagy
digestion of cells surplus organelles
digestion of cells surplus organelles
autophagy
autolysis
cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells
cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells
autolysis
peroxisomes
produces hydrogen peroxide
neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins
produces hydrogen peroxide
neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins
peroxisomes
mitochondria
organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP
powerhouse of the cell
organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
centrioles
makes cell division possible
makes cell division possible
centrioles