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BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture > Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 3 Basic Components of a Cell > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 3 Basic Components of a Cell Flashcards

1
Q

plasma (cell) membrane

A

surrounds cell, defines boundries

made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)

governs interactions with other cells

controls passage of materials in & out of the cell

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2
Q

surrounds cell, defines boundries

made of proteins & lipids (phosplipids)

governs interactions with other cells

controls passage of materials in & out of the cell

A

plasma (cell) membrane

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

inside the cell

organelles

cytoskeleton

inclusions (stored or foreign particles)

cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)

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4
Q

inside the cell

organelles

cytoskeleton

inclusions (stored or foreign particles)

cytosol (interacellular fluid ICF)

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

extracellular fluid ECF

A

fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid

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6
Q

fluid outside of the cell including the interstitial fluid

A

extracellular fluid ECF

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7
Q

phospolipids

A

75% of membrane lipids

amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer

hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane

hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water

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8
Q

75% of membrane lipids

amphipalic molecules arranged in a bilayer

hydrophilic phsophate heads face water on each side of membrane

hydrophobic tails are directed towards the center avoiding water

A

phospolipids

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9
Q

cholestrol

A

lipid

holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane

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10
Q

lipid

holds the phospholipids still & can stiffen membrane

A

cholesterol

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11
Q

glycolipids

A

phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face

contribute to glycocalyx

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12
Q

phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face

contribute to glycocalyx

A

glycolipids

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13
Q

glycocalyx

A

carbohydrate coating on cells surface

unique pattern in everyone but identical twins

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14
Q

carbohydrate coating on cells surface

unique pattern in everyone but identical twins

A

glycocalyx

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15
Q

integral proteins penetrate membrane

A

protein membrane

allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell

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16
Q

protein membrane

allows certain things to pass through membrane and into the cell

A

integral proteins penetrate membrane

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17
Q

peripheral proteins

A

protein membrane

does not penetrate

on the top of the membrane

acts as enzymes

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18
Q

protein membrane

does not penetrate

on the top of the membrane

acts as enzymes

A

peripheral proteins

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19
Q

channel protein membrane

A

allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell

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20
Q

allowes solutes to pass into and out of the cell

A

channel protein membrane

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21
Q

microvili

A

extens cell membrane

gives 15-40 time more surface area

best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion

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22
Q

extens cell membrane

gives 15-40 time more surface area

best developed in cells specialized in absorbtion

A

microvili

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23
Q

cilia

A

hairlike processes

motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes

beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction

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24
Q

hairlike processes

motile cilia - respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes

beat in waves sweeping materials across a surface in one direction

A

cilia

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25
Q

cilia beats freely within a ? layer at cell suface

A

saline

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26
Q

mucus floats on top a ? layer

A

saline

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27
Q

cilia

chloride pump

pumps ? into ?

? & ? follow

A

Cl⁻ into ECF

Na⁺ & H₂O

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28
Q

flagella

A

tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans

whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail

movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke

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29
Q

tail of sperm - only functioning flagellum in humans

whip like structure with axoneme identical to ciliums but is much longer & stiffened by coarse fibers that support the tail

movment is undulating, snake like, & corkscrew with no power stroke and recovery stroke

A

flagella

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30
Q

psudopods

A

used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles

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31
Q

used for cellular locomotion, capturing foreign particles

A

psudopods

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32
Q

2 membrane mechanisms

A

passive mechanisms

active mechanisms

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33
Q

passive mechanisms

active mechanisms

A

2 membrane mechanisms

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34
Q

passive mechanisms

A

require no ATP

random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy

filtration, diffusion, osmosis

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35
Q

require no ATP

random molecular motion of particles provides necassary energy

filtration, diffusion, osmosis

A

passive mechanisms

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36
Q

active mechanisms

A

uses ATP

active trasport & vesicular trasport

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37
Q

uses ATP

active transport & vesicular transport

A

active mechanisms

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38
Q

filtration

A

particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure

ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls

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39
Q

particles are passed through membrane by physical pressure

ex. water and small solutes through gaps in capilary walls

A

filtration

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40
Q

filtration allows delivery of ? & ? to tissues

A

water & nutrients

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41
Q

filtration allows removal of ? from capilaries in kidneys specifically at the ?

A

waste, glomerulus

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42
Q

simple diffusion

A

net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration

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43
Q

net movment of particles from high concentration to low concentration

A

simple diffusion

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44
Q

osmosis

A

water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes

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45
Q

water moves to the side where water has more concentrated solutes

A

osmosis

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46
Q

tonicity

A

ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell

depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes

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47
Q

ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume & pressure in a cell

depends on the concentration of nonpermeating solutes

A

tonicity

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48
Q

hypotonic solution

A

causes cell to absorb water and swell

lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF

ex. distilled water

49
Q

causes cell to absorb water and swell

lower concentration of nonpermeating soultes than intercellular fluid ICF

ex. distilled water

A

hypotonic solution

50
Q

hypertonic solution

A

causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)

51
Q

causes cell to loose water and shrivel (crenate)

A

hypertonic solution

52
Q

isotonic solution

A

causes no change in cell volume

53
Q

causes no change in cell volume

A

isotonic solution

54
Q

transport proteins in membranes carry ? into & out of the cell or orgenelle

A

solutes

55
Q

transport proteins are specific for ? solutes

A

particular

56
Q

saturation transport maximum

A

all carriers of receptor sites are occupied

57
Q

all carriers of receptor sites are occupied

A

saturation transport maximum

58
Q

3 carriers

A

uniport - carries one type of solute
ex. calcium pump

symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction
ex. sodium glucose transporters

antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions
ex. sodium potasium pump

59
Q

uniport - carries one type of solute
ex. calcium pump

symport - carries two or more solutes simutaneously in the same direction
ex. sodium glucose transporters

antiport - carries two or more solutes in opposite directions
ex. sodium potasium pump

A

3 carriers

60
Q

3 types of carrier mediated transports

A

facilitated diffusion

primary active transport

secondary active transport

61
Q

facilitated diffusion

primary active transport

secondary active transport

A

3 types of carrier mediated transports

62
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low)

does not use ATP

63
Q

carrier moves solute down its concentration gradient (from high to low)

does not use ATP

A

facilitated diffusion

64
Q

primary active transport

A

carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high)

uses ATP

ex. sodium potassium pump

65
Q

carrier moved solute through a membrane up its concentration gradient (from low to high)

uses ATP

ex. sodium potassium pump

A

primary active transport

66
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

higher amount of Na⁺ and low amount of K⁺ on the outside of cell

higher amount of K⁺ and lower amount of Na⁺ inside of cell

diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens

the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺

this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)

67
Q

diffusion causes outside Na⁺ to enter into cell (no ATP) glucose attaches to Na⁺ as this happens

the cell does not want this so it pumps out 3 molecules of Na⁺ and bring back in 2 molecules of K⁺

this gives the cell a -70 charge (normal)

A

sodium potassium pump

68
Q

sodium potassium pump utilizes ? daily calories

A

half

69
Q

? & ? are needed to produce ATP (energy)

A

glucose & oxygen

70
Q

sodium potassium pump maintains ? charged resting membrane potential

A

negativly

71
Q

secondary active trasport

A

glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell

72
Q

glucolse attaches to sodium and passes through carrier bringing it ito the cell

A

secondary active trasport

73
Q

vesicular transport

A

moves large particles through membrane

74
Q

moves large particles through membrane

A

vesicular transport

75
Q

endocytosis

A

vesicular process that brings materials into cell

dicharges material from the cell

76
Q

vesicular process that brings materials into cell

dicharges material from the cell

A

endocytosis

77
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell eating - engulfs large particles

pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages

78
Q

cell eating - engulfs large particles

pseudopods, phagosomes, macrophages

A

phagocytosis

79
Q

pinocytosis

A

cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells

membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle

80
Q

cell drinking - takes in droplets of EFT containing molecules useful in the cells

membrane caves in then pinches off pinocytic vesicle

A

pinocytosis

81
Q

receptor mediated enocytosis

A

particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane

clathrin coated vesicle

82
Q

particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane

clathrin coated vesicle

A

receptor mediated enocytosis

83
Q

transcytosis

A

transport material accross the cell

84
Q

transport material accross the cell

A

transcytosis

85
Q

cytoskeleton

A

protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape

supports structure

organizes cell contents

86
Q

protein filaments and cylinders that determines the cell shape

supports structure

organizes cell contents

A

cytoskeleton

87
Q

cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things

A

microfilaments

intermediate fibers

microtubules

88
Q

microfilaments

intermediate fibers

microtubules

A

cytoskeleton is composed of these 3 things

89
Q

organelles

A

carry out specialized metobic task

90
Q

carry out specialized metobic task

A

organelles

91
Q

6 membranous organelles

A

nucleus

mitochondria

lysosomes

peroxisomes

endollasmic reticulum

golgi complex

92
Q

nucleus

mitochondria

lysosomes

peroxisomes

endollasmic reticulum

golgi complex

A

6 membranous organelles

93
Q

4 nonmembranous organelles

A

ribosomes

centrosomes

centrioles

basal bodies

94
Q

nucleous

A

largest organelle

95
Q

largest organelle

A

nucleous

96
Q

nucleoplasm

A

materials in the nucleous

such as chromatin

97
Q

materials in the nucleous

such as chromatin

A

nucleoplasm

98
Q

2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

99
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

100
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

contains ribosomes

synthesizes proteins

101
Q

contains ribosomes

synthesizes proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

102
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

does not contain ribosomes

detoxifies alcohol & drugs

stores calcium

103
Q

does not contain ribosomes

detoxifies alcohol & drugs

stores calcium

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

104
Q

ribosomes

A

they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code

105
Q

they read genetic massages (mRNA) & assemble amino acids into proteins specified by the code

A

ribosomes

106
Q

golgi complex

A

sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles

107
Q

sorts proteins, slices some, adds carbohydrate moieties to some, & package them into membrane bound golgi vesicles

A

golgi complex

108
Q

lysosomes

A

barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle

if realesed into cell will kill the cell

109
Q

barrel of acid containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particle

if realesed into cell will kill the cell

A

lysosomes

110
Q

autophagy

A

digestion of cells surplus organelles

111
Q

digestion of cells surplus organelles

A

autophagy

112
Q

autolysis

A

cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells

113
Q

cell suicide - digestion of surplus cells

A

autolysis

114
Q

peroxisomes

A

produces hydrogen peroxide

neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins

115
Q

produces hydrogen peroxide

neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol & drugs, & a variety of blood born toxins

A

peroxisomes

116
Q

mitochondria

A

organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP

powerhouse of the cell

117
Q

organelle specialized for synthesizing ATP

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

118
Q

centrioles

A

makes cell division possible

119
Q

makes cell division possible

A

centrioles

BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture (7 decks)

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