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BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture > Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 cont... > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 cont... Flashcards

1
Q

organic chemistry

A

the study of compounds containing carbon

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2
Q

the study of compounds containing carbon

A

organic chemistry

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3
Q

4 catagories of carbon compounds

A

carbohydrates (sugars)

lipids (fats & oils)

proteins

nucleic acids

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4
Q

carbohydrates (sugars)

lipids (fats & oils)

proteins

nucleic acids

A

4 catagories of carbon compounds

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5
Q

hydrophilic

A

attracted to water (sugars & starches)

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6
Q

attracted to water (sugars & starches)

A

hydrophilic

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7
Q

hydrophobic

A

not attracted to water (fats)

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8
Q

not attracted to water (fats)

A

hydrophobic

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9
Q

3 monosaccharides

A

glucose

glactose

fructose

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10
Q

glucose

glactose

fructose

A

3 monosaccharides

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11
Q

glucose is a blood sugar which enters the cell to produce ?

A

ATP (energy)

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12
Q

disaccharide

A

sugar made of 2 monosaccharides

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13
Q

sugar made of 2 monosaccharides

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar

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15
Q

simple sugar

A

monosaccharide

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16
Q

3 disaccharides

A

sucrose

lactose

maltose

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17
Q

sucrose

lactose

maltose

A

3 disaccharides

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18
Q

sucrose

A

table sugar

glucose + fructose

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19
Q

table sugar

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

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20
Q

lactose

A

sugar in milk

glucose + galactose

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21
Q

sugar in milk

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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22
Q

maltose

A

grain products

glucose + glucose

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23
Q

grain products

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

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24
Q

oligosaccharides

A

short chain 3-10 monosaccharides

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25
Q

short chain 3-10 monosaccharides

A

oligosaccharides

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26
Q

polysaccharides

A

long chain monosaccharides

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27
Q

long chain monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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28
Q

3 polysaccharides

A

glycogen

starch

cellulose

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29
Q

glycogen

starch

cellulose

A

3 polysaccharides

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30
Q

glycogen

A

energy storage of the liver, muscle, brain, uterus, & vagina

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31
Q

energy storage of the liver, muscle, brain, uterus, & vagina

A

glycogen

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32
Q

starch

A

energy storage of plants digestible by humans

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33
Q

energy storage of plants digestible by humans

34
Q

cellulose

A

structural molecule in plants important fo human dietary fiber, bu indigestible by humans

35
Q

structural molecule in plants important fo human dietary fiber, but indigestible by humans

36
Q

all digested carbohydrates (sugars) are converted into ?

37
Q

3 types of conjugated carbohydrates

A

glycolipids

glycoproteins

proteoglycans

38
Q

glycolipids

glycoproteins

proteoglycans

A

3 types of conjugated carbohydrates

39
Q

glycolipids

A

external surface of cell membrane

40
Q

external surface of cell membrane

A

glycolipids

41
Q

glycoproteins

A

external surface of cell membrane

mucus of respiratory & digestive tracts

42
Q

external surface of cell membrane

mucus of respiratory & digestive tracts

A

glycoproteins

43
Q

proteoglycans

A

more carbohydrates (sugars) than protien

gel that holds tisues together

gelatinous filter in umbilical cord & eye

joint lubrication & cartilage texture

44
Q

more carbohydrates (sugars) than protien

gel that holds tisues together

gelatinous filter in umbilical cord & eye

joint lubrication & cartilage texture

A

proteoglycans

45
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen & oxygen

46
Q

hydrophobic organic molecules with high ratio of hydrogen & oxygen

47
Q

5 primary lipids in humans

A

fatty acids

triglycerides

phospholipids

eicosanoids

steroids

48
Q

fatty acids

triglycerides

phospholipids

eicosanoids

steroids

A

5 primary lipids in humans

49
Q

fatty acids

A

saturated fatty

unsaturated fatty acids - double bonds

polyunsaturated - multiple double bonds

essential fatty acids - must be obtained from food

50
Q

saturated fatty

unsaturated fatty acids - double bonds

polyunsaturated - multiple double bonds

essential fatty acids - must be obtained from food

A

fatty acids

51
Q

phospholipids

A

one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

structural foundation of cell membrane

52
Q

one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

structural foundation of cell membrane

A

phospholipids

53
Q

amphipathic

A

fatty acid “tails” are hydrophobic

phosphate “head” is hydrophilic

54
Q

fatty acid “tails” are hydrophobic

phosphate “head” is hydrophilic

A

amphipathic

55
Q

protein

A

polomer of amino acids

56
Q

polomer of amino acids

57
Q

? amino acids used to make up the ? are identical exept for the ? group

A

20

proteins

radical (R)

58
Q

peptide

A

any molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds

59
Q

any molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds

60
Q

peptide bond

A

joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next

formed by dehydration synthesis

61
Q

joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next

formed by dehydration synthesis

A

peptide bond

62
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

creates a peptide bond that joins the amino acid group of one group to the carboxyl group of the next by removing water

63
Q

creates a peptide bond that joins the amino acid group of one group to the carboxyl group of the next by removing water

A

dehydration synthesis

64
Q

conformation

A

3-dimensional shape of protein that can reversibly change their shape crucial to function

ex. muscle contraction

65
Q

3-dimensional shape of protein that can reversibly change their shape crucial to function

ex. muscle contraction

A

conformation

66
Q

denaturation

A

extreme conformational change that destroys function

ex. extreme heat or pH

67
Q

extreme conformational change that destroys function

ex. extreme heat or pH

A

denaturation

68
Q

enzymes

A

proteins that function as biological catalyst

permit reactions to occur rapidly at body tempurature

each enzyme is specific for a specific reaction

69
Q

substrate

A

substance that enzyme acts apon

70
Q

substance that enzyme acts apon

71
Q

enzyme naming convention

A

the substrate with “ase” as suffix

ex. enzyme digest stach (amylose)

amylose (substrate) + “ase”
= amylase enzyme

72
Q

enzymes lower ?

A

activation energy - energy needed to get reaction started

73
Q

3 components of nucleotides

A

nitrogen base (single or double carbon-nitrogen ring)

sugar (monosaccharide)

phosphate group(s) (one or more)

74
Q

nitrogen base (single or double carbon-nitrogen ring)

sugar (monosaccharide)

phospohate group(s) (one or more)

A

3 components of nucleotides

75
Q

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

best known nucleotide

adenine (nitogen base)

ribose (sugar)

3 phosphate groups

76
Q

best known nucleotide

adenine (nitogen base)

ribose (sugar)

3 phosphate groups

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

77
Q

nucleic acids

A

DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)

RNA (robonucleic acid)

78
Q

DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)

RNA (robonucleic acid)

A

nucleis acids

79
Q

DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)

A

contains millions of nucleotides

constitutes genes (gives instructions for synthesizing proteins)

80
Q

contains millions of nucleotides

constitutes genes (gives instructions for synthesizing proteins)

A

DNA (deoxyibonucleic acid)

81
Q

3 types of RNA (robonucleic acid)

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

ribosomal RNA

transfer RNA

82
Q

RNA (robonucleic acid)

A

70-10,000 necleotides long

carries out genetic instruction provided by the DNA for synthesizing proteins

assembles amino acids in right order to produce proteins

BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture (7 decks)

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