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BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture > Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 Biochemistry > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Chapter 2 Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

biochemistry

A

the study of the molecules that compose living organisms

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2
Q

the study of the molecules that compose living organisms

A

biochemistry

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3
Q

element

A

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

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4
Q

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

A

element

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5
Q

6 main elements in the body

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nirogen, calcium, & phosphorus

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6
Q

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nirogen, calcium, & phosphorus

A

6 main elements in the body

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7
Q

minerals

A

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed through food chain to humans

ex. soduim, potasium

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8
Q

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed through food chain to humans

ex. soduim, potasium

A

minerals

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9
Q

electrolytes

A

mineral salts needed for nerve & muscle function

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10
Q

mineral salts needed for nerve & muscle function

A

electrolytes

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11
Q

planetary model

A

nucleus at the center surrounded by shells with varrying electrons

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12
Q

nucleus at the center surrounded by shells with varrying electrons

A

planetary model

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13
Q

atomic mass/weight is equal to the number of ? & ?

A

protons & nutrons

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14
Q

valence electons

A

orbit the outer most shell & determine chemical bonding properties of an atom

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15
Q

orbit the outer most shell & determine chemical bonding properties of an atom

A

valence electons

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16
Q

isotopes

A

varieties of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons

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17
Q

varieties of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons

A

isotopes

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18
Q

radioisotopes

A

unstable isotopes that decay & give off radiation

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19
Q

unstable isotopes that decay & give off radiation

A

radioisotopes

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20
Q

ionizing

A

intense radiation ejects electrons, destroys molecules, and creates free radicals that can cause genetic mutations and cancer

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21
Q

intense radiation ejects electrons, destroys molecules, and creates free radicals that can cause genetic mutations and cancer

A

ionizing

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22
Q

physical half life of radioisotopes

A

time required for 50% decay to a stable state

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23
Q

biological half life of radioisotopes

A

time required for 50% to dissapear from the body

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24
Q

time required for 50% decay to a stable state

A

physical half life of radioisotopes

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25
Q

time required for 50% to dissapear from the body

A

biological half life of radioisotopes

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26
Q

ion

A

charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons & electrons

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27
Q

charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons & electrons

A

ion

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28
Q

anion

A

particle that gains electon(s) & net a negative charge

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29
Q

particle that gains electon(s) & net a negative charge

A

anion

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30
Q

cation

A

particle that looses electon(s) & net a positive charge

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31
Q

particle that looses electon(s) & net a positive charge

A

cation

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32
Q

molecule

A

Chemical particle composed of two or more atoms

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33
Q

Chemical particle composed of two or more atoms

A

molecule

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34
Q

compound

A

molecule composed of two or more different elements

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35
Q

molecule composed of two or more different elements

A

compound

36
Q

molecular formula

A

identifies constituent elements & how many atoms of each or present

37
Q

identifies constituent elements & how many atoms of each or present

A

molecular formula

38
Q

structual formula

A

identifies location of each atom

39
Q

identifies location of each atom

A

structural formula

40
Q

isomers

A

molecules with identical molecular formula but different arrangement of their atoms

41
Q

molecules with identical molecular formula but different arrangement of their atoms

A

isomers

42
Q

4 most important chemical bonds

A

ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
van der wall forces

43
Q

ionic bonds

A

attraction between anions & cations (ex.NaCl)

electrons donated from one aton to another

easily broken by water

44
Q

attraction between anions & cations (ex.NaCl)

electrons donated from one aton to another

easily broken by water

A

ionic bonds

45
Q

covalent bonds

A

simple (one pair)

double (more than one pair)

46
Q

nonpolar bond

A

electrons shared equally (stongest bond)

47
Q

electrons shared equally (stongest bond)

A

nonpolar bond

48
Q

polar bond

A

electrons shared unequally (spend more time near oxygen ex. H₂O)

49
Q

electrons shared unequally (spend more time near oxygen ex. H₂O)

A

polar bond

50
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak attraction between a positive hydrogen aton in one molecule & a negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

51
Q

weak attraction between a positive hydrogen atom in one molecule & a negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another

A

hydrogen bond

52
Q

mixtures

A

physically connected but not chemically combined

53
Q

physically connected but not chemically combined

A

mixtures

54
Q

solvency

A

ability to dissolve other chemicals

55
Q

ability to dissolve other chemicals

A

solvency

56
Q

water is the universal ?

A

solvent

57
Q

hydrophilic

A

substances that dissolve in water

molecules must be polarized or charged

58
Q

substances that dissolve in water

molecules must be polarized or charged

A

hydrophilic

59
Q

hydrophobic

A

substances that do not dissolve in water

molecules re nonpolar or neutral

60
Q

substances that do not dissolve in water

molecules are nonpolar or neutral

A

hydrophobic

61
Q

metabolic reactions depend on ?

A

solvency of water

62
Q

solution

A

solute mixed with solvent

63
Q

solute mixed with solvent

A

solution

64
Q

solute

A

smaller particles in a solution

65
Q

smaller particles in a solution

A

solute

66
Q

solvent

A

more abundant substance in a solution

67
Q

more abundant substance in a solution

A

solvent

68
Q

salt water

which is the solute and which is the solvent

A

salt is solute

water is solvent

69
Q

solute can be a ? , ?, or ?

A

gas, solid, or liquid

70
Q

solutions are defined by these 4 properties

A

solute particles under 1 nm

solute particles do not scatter light

will pass through most membranes

will not separate if left untouched

71
Q

colloid

A

dissolved but you can see the particles

ex. milk

72
Q

dissolved but you can see the particles

ex. milk

A

colloid

73
Q

suspension

A

particles settle when left untoched

ex. blood

74
Q

particles settle when left untoched

ex. blood

A

suspension

75
Q

colloids are defined by these 4 properties

A

particles range from 1-100 nm

scatters light / usually cloudy

particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane

particles remain permanetly mixed when left untoched

76
Q

particles range from 1-100 nm

scatters light / usually cloudy

particles too large to pass through semipermeable membrane

particles remain permanetly mixed when left untoched

A

colloids

77
Q

solute particles under 1 nm

solute particles do not scatter light

will pass through most membranes

will not separate if left untouched

A

sollutions

78
Q

suspension defined by these 4 properties

A

particles exceed 100nm

too large to pass through selectively permeable membranes

cloudy/opaque apperance

separated when left untoched

79
Q

particles exceed 100nm

too large to pass through selectively permeable membranes

cloudy/opaque apperance

separated when left untoched

A

suspension

80
Q

acid

A

proton donor

releases H⁺ ions in water

81
Q

proton donor

releases H⁺ ions in water

A

acid

82
Q

base

A

a proton acceptor

accepts H⁺ ions

83
Q

a proton acceptor

accepts H⁺ ions

A

base

84
Q

pH

A

0-6 is acidic

7 is neutral

8-14 is basic

85
Q

0-6 is acidic

7 is neutral

8-14 is basic

A

pH

86
Q

buffers

A

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH

maintaining normal (slightly basic) pH of blood is crucial for physioloical functions

87
Q

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH

maintaining normal (slightly basic) pH of blood is crucial for physioloical functions

A

buffers

BIOL 181 A&P 1 Lecture (7 decks)

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