Lecture: everything

Question 1

what are inequalities?

Answer 1

measurable differences or variations in health

differences in health experience and outcomes between different population groups- according to sep, area, age, disability, gender, ethnic group

social gradient

Question 2

inequities

Answer 2

inequalities that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustic

differences in the distribution of resources/services across populations which do not reflect health needs

relations of equal and unequal power; political, social, economic, justice + injustice

Question 3

progress

Answer 3

place of residence
race/ethnicity/culture/language
occupation
gender/sex
religion
education
socioeconomic status
social capital

Question 4

measures of association/effect

Answer 4

negative association; rd <0, rr <1
positive association; rd>0, rr>1

Question 5

why should we reduce inequities (woodward/kawachi)

Answer 5

unfair
avoidable
affect everybody
can be cost effective

Question 6

causes of the causes flowchart

Answer 6

educational attainment –> employment status –> income –> access to health care –> educational tatainment –> employment status –> income –> access to health care

Question 7

lorenz curve

Answer 7

what % of wealth is owned by the poorest 10% of the population, and so on.

gini coefficient = the ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and line of perfect inequality

a/(a+b)

0=very equal society
1=very unequal society

Question 8

what are the implications of income inequities?

Answer 8

• an unequal society
• less social cohesion
• less trust between groups
• increased stress
• reduced economic productivity
• poorer health outcomes

Question 9

what are the implications of income inequities?

Answer 9

• an unequal society
• less social cohesion
• less trust between groups
• increased stress
• reduced economic productivity
• poorer health outcomes