Lecture 28: Obesity Flashcards
global patterns of obesity
the world is getting fatter
- english speaking countries are generally bigger than non-english speaking countries
- most obese = polynesian/micronesian, second highest = middle eastern + north africa
- high income =/= high obesity –> east asian have low obesity
who gets fatter first?
woman: men/children (men still doing labour)
urban: rural
high income: low income (first to access life advancements)
middle aged: younger/older
obesity transition
stage 1: women (high/low)>men(same)<children
stage 2: women (high/low)>men (high>low)»_space; children
stage 3: women (low/high)>men(low>high)»_space; children
stage 4: women (low//high)>, men (low>high)»_space; children
- this is the prediction
- women will drop quicker
- children will be the first to drop out of the pandemic
nz patterns
- nz is the 3rd fattest in oecd
- in children, we are the 2nd fattest
- leaner kids are going into school, but obesity isn’t going down –> something is happening in school
what is the biggest risk factor for premature disease?
poor diet: found through dietary risks, high bmi and malnutrition
what are the consequences of obesity?
- metabolic disease: type 2 diabetes, cvd, cancers, gallbladder diseaes
- mechanical disorders: athritis, back pain, obstructive sleep apnoea, skin disorders
- psychological problems: low self esteem, reduced quality of life, depression
- social consequences: weight bias and discrimination, reduced life opportunities
what are the causes of obesity?
genetic metabolic, behavioural, environmental
obesogenic environments
the sum of influences that the surroundings, opportunities, or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals or populations
physical (availability, quality, promotion): food + phys activity.
economic (financial): income/disparities
policy (rules): market regulations
socio-cultural (attitudes, belief, perceptions, values): body size
food environments
- food industry (products ,placement, price, promotion)
- government (regulations, fiscal policies, health promotions)
- society (traditional cuisines, cultural + religious values and practices).
influenced by individual factors and the environments around us
what is escalating the obesity pandemic?
- the food system
ultra processed food supply creating population passive overconsumption of total energy
heavily promoted, readily available, cheaply priced, highly profitable, hyper palatable.
other changes have also contributed + underlying political and economic drivers
determinants of obesity
drivers: (underlying), political, economical, technological, targeted marketing, national wealth, neoliberal
mediators (influence of drivers on outcomes): food availability, food prices, food composition, e-bikes/scooters, food and pa behaviours.
moderators: accentuated/attenuated trajectories: culture, built environment, food culture, local climate, religion.
whats weird thats happening in victoria?
urban reductions, rural increases,
no matter what the innovation is, there is often a lag between urban and rural.
what needs to be done to prevent obesity?
rn implemention is very patchy. there NEEDS to be policys
- food industry opposition
- direct opposition (coca cola + pepsi on ssb taxes = lobbying)
- self-regulatory (pledges/codes) - government reluctance to regulate/tax
- weak governance systems, conflicts of interest.
- belief in education.
-unwilling to battle food industry (chill effect) - lack of sufficient public demand for policies
- usually supportive of policy actions
- not translated into pressure for change
top obesity prevention policies for NZ
junk food marketing to children (none)
- tax on sugary drinks: none
- healthy food policies in schools: voluntary w low upatke
- healthy food policies in early childhood: yes, but poor
front of pack labelling: yes, but only 30% uptake.
industry influence
- big money behind harmful products
- dirty pr operator
- attack blogger
- character assassination of public health advocates
