Lecture 9b: Fungal Genetic and Omits

Question 1

Genomics

Answer 1

Study of the content, organisation, function and evolution of genetic information contained in whole genomes

Question 2

Comparative genomics

Answer 2

Study of similarities and differences among genomes of different organisms

Question 3

Functional genomics

Answer 3

Study of the functions of the genetic information contained on genomes

Question 4

Transcriptomics

Answer 4

Study of the expression of the genome

Question 5

Proteomics

Answer 5

The study of the set of all proteins found in a cell

Question 6

Bioinformatics

Answer 6

Interdisciplinary field which combines molecular biology and computer science, develops tools to make sense of DNA, RNA and protein sequence data

Question 7

Sequencing

Answer 7

Process of determining the precise oder of nucleotides within DNA and RNA molecule

Question 8

(1st gen)Sanger sequencing is used for

Answer 8

Individual DNA fragments, plasmids and PCR
* Is expensive for larger sequencing projects

Question 9

What was the first full eukaryotic genome to be sequenced

Answer 9

• Yeast genome
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 10

(2nd gen) NGS technologies

Answer 10

• Faster than Sanger
• Less expensive than Sanger
  Does not require electrophoresis

Question 11

(3rd gen) Single molecule sequencing

Answer 11

• Does not require a PCR step
• Less expensive
• High speed
• Produce long reads
• Major platforms: PacBio and Oxford nano pore

Question 12

Fungal genome contains

Answer 12

• Nuclear genome
• Mitochndrial genome
• Mobile genetic elements (plasmids and transposable elements)
• True resident genetic elements (fungal viruses)

Question 13

True plasmids

Answer 13

• No homology to the mitochondrial genome
• Cryptic in nature
  Three recognised types (1,2 and 3)
  Transmitted vertically or horizontally

Question 14

Source of genetic variation through transposable elements

Answer 14

• Disruption of existing genes
• Alteration of gene expression
• Chromosomeal rearrangement
• Addition of genetic material which caneveolve new functions

Question 15

What was the first fungal genome sequenced in Africa

Answer 15

Fusarium circinatum
in Pretoria

Question 16

Diagnostic tool for in-field detection of F.circinatum

Answer 16

Loop-mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP)
* Nucleic acid amplification under isothermal conditions

Question 17

LAMP diagnostic tool

Answer 17

Highly sensitive and specific
cost effective