Lecture 9a: Fungal Genetics and Omits

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Complete set of genetic instructions for any organism

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Structure consisting of DNA and associated proteins that carries and transmits genetic info

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

An inherited factor that helps determine a trait

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Polymers consisting of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 5

Genotype and Phenotype

Answer 5

• A set of alleles assessed by an individual organism
• The appearance or manifestation of character

Question 6

Polygenic

Answer 6

Phenotype is the result of the multiple different genes

Question 7

Advantages of fungi as model organisms

Answer 7

• Eukaryotic
• Can be grown easily and inexpensively in the lab
• Most fungi are haploid
  *Sexual state enables analysis of recombination and segregation of genes
• Asexual reproductive state allows for genetically uniform population

Question 8

One-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis

Answer 8

Each gene encodes a separate enzyme

Question 9

Auxotrophic mutant

Answer 9

• Nutritionally deficient
• Ability to produce one or more essential molecules are disrupted
• Cannot grow on minimal medium alone

Question 10

Population genetics explores

Answer 10

• Genetic composition of populations
• Changes in genetic composition geographically and over time

Question 11

Sources of fungal genetic diversity

Answer 11

• Aneuploidy
• Genetic rearrangement
• Fungal viruses
• Gene family expansion
• Horizontal gene transfer
• Loss of heterozygosity
• Transposable element
• Mutations and recombination