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Mycology > Lecture 5b: Mucoromycota, Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota > Flashcards

Lecture 5b: Mucoromycota, Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota Flashcards

1
Q

what are Mucoromycota?

A

They are a diverse group of moulds

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2
Q

what type of organisms are they commonly?

A

Saprobes that may be opportunistic pathogens

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3
Q

Which species do they include?

A

Mucor, Rhizopus, Pilobolus

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4
Q

What if formed when 2 Mucoromycota gametes fuse?

A

Zygospores

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5
Q

Which type of hyphae does Mucoromycota have?

A

Coenocytic hyphae. Hyphae that are not septate

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6
Q

What type ogf fungi are Piloblus spp.?

A

They are Coprophilus (dung-loving)

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7
Q

What type of spore dispersal is observed with Pilobolus spp.?

A
  • They’re hat tossers (wind dispersal)
  • which fling spores up to 7 meters away by hydrostatic pressure at the end of the stalk that supports the sporangium
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8
Q

How does Polibolus achieve distance?

A

the sporangiophore accumulates fluid rich in sugar and ions, which increases the osmolyte concentration and builds turgor pressure inside the bulbous vesicle of the sporangiophore

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9
Q

What does the Chytridiomycota class consist of?

A

The smallest and simplest fungi and they are ancestors of fungi.

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10
Q

What is the importance of Chytridiomycota?

A

They degrade plant and animal matter such as cellulose, chitin and keratin

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11
Q

Where are Chytridiomycota usually found?

A

In freshwater or wet soils

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12
Q

What type of fungi does Chytridiomycota consist of?

A

Most are parasites of algae and other live on organic matter as saprobes

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13
Q

What strengthens chytrid cell walls?

A

Chitin

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14
Q

What are thalli?

A

Feeding structures that absorb nutrients from surroundings, and are transformed into sporangia that release zoospores when nutrients become limited.

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15
Q

How does zoospore release take place?

A

Release occurs through discharge tubes that expand from the thalli

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16
Q

What anchors Thalli to solid materials?

A

Rhizoids

17
Q

What is the asexual state of Chytridiomycota?

A

Zoospores
They swim to a desirable substrate and attach to it

18
Q

what happens as the zoospore develops?

A

The protoplasm increases. Eventually, the cleavage of the protoplasm occurs, which produces individual zoospores that are released through a pore

19
Q

What is the sexual state of CHytridiomycota?

A

they are haploid dominant.
gametothallus

20
Q

What are gametothallus?

A

They are haploid thalli that produce female and male gametes

21
Q

How are male gametes attracted to the female games?

A

The female gametes produce the hormone sirenin, and the female gametes are attracted to the male gametes when they produce the hormone parisin (chemotropism)

22
Q

What is Chymitridiomycosis?

A

and emerging fatal infectious diseases of amphibians caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

23
Q

Where did Chymitridiomycosis originate from?

A

Africa 1938

24
Q

Where are fungi that cause chytridiomycosis reside in the host organism?

A

In the keratinised tissue, which includes the mouthparts and tadpoles

25
Q

What are the symptoms of chytridiomycosis?

A

thickened epidermis- cannot take in proper nutrients, release toxins and in some cases breathe. reddening of the ventral skin

26
Q

Behavioural changes caused by chytridiomycosis?

A

lethargy (lack of energy), failure to seek shelter, failure to flee, loss of righting reflexes and abdominal posture

27
Q

What does the class of Glomeromycota consist of?

A

A group of soil-borne fungi that form endomycorrhizal associations with land plants or cyanobacteria

28
Q

What is the significance of Glomeromycota?B

A

They play an important role in the initial colonization of terrestrial areas

29
Q

Characteristics of glomeromycota

A
  • biographic nature and obligate symbiont
  • hyphae are coenocytic
30
Q

The asexual state of Glomeromycota

A

Blastic development of spores from hyphal tips

31
Q

Distributive hyphae

A

Hyphae that are relatively large and branch infrequently. their primary purpose is to connect different parts of the fungi

32
Q

Absorptive hyphae

A

Hyphae that are thin, short and highly branched, are used to extract nutrients from the soil

33
Q

What do Glomeromycota produce in plant roots?

A

In plant roots, they produce hyphae, arbuscles and vesicles

34
Q

Linear hyphae

A

Linear hyphae grow in air spaces between the root cells and are straight as the root structure permits

35
Q

Coiled hyphae

A

Grow inside cells and grow directly from one cell to the next. they are not as limited by root structure and can follow a more winding path

36
Q

Arbuscles

A

Are highly branched intracellular structures with a very high surface area, which allows for an efficient exchange of nutrients and sugars

37
Q

Vesicle

A

Is an inflated area of the hyphae that functions as a store structure. they may resemble and function as spores

Mycology (19 decks)

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