Lecture 2: Fungal Structures Flashcards
How are fungal structures studied
- Light microscope with different strains
- Fluorescent microscopy
- Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)
Septa
Cell walls that divide fungal cells
coenocytic hyphae
Hyphae without septa
Function of hyphae
Absorb and translocated nutrients
Thallus
- made up of mycelium and at some stage can produce spores directly or through fruiting bodies
Simple pore
- septa cut incompletely, surrounded by wornin bodies
Dolipore
- More complexed
- found mostly in Basidiomycota
- structure usually capped at either ends by parenthesomes
Rhizomorphs
They’re exploratory organs that are thick, root-like structures made up of somatic hyphae and are tightly arranged in parallel.
Function of rhizomorphs
- Branches out to search for new nutrients
- Capable of conducting nutrients over long distances
- Transfer nutrients to a developing fruiting body
Asexual Structures
- Sporangiophore
- Conidophore
The 3 types of wall building processes in conidiogenesis
- Apical : secretory vesicles concentrate at the tip
- Diffuse: vesicles are all over apical region and cause swelling
- Ring: synthesis is concentrated in a ring below the top and produces new wall by proximal growth
Types conidiogenous cells
- Phialide: conidiogenous cells that produce conidia in basipetal succession without increasing length
Annelide: conidiogenous cells producing conidia in basipetal succession by a series of short per-current proliferations that increase in length and get narrower
Blastic conidiogenesis
develops by blowing out the cell wall
Thallic conidiogenesis
a crossed wall first forms then created cell develops into a spore
Arrangement of conidia
- Solitary: single (chain-Like)
- Catenulate: branched-chain-like
Sclerota
- survival structure
- Hard dark resting body, mass of hyphae threads
Appressorium
An infection structure that is a specialized cell used to infect host plants. A minute peg grows out of it and enters the host, using turgor pressure to puncture through a cell wall
Infection thread
Infection structure that enters host through natural openings, wounds or by direct penetration
Vesicle
Infection structure that is a wedge and grows from the appressorium through the stomata, it swells to form a substomatal vesicle
Haustorium
Special structure of biographic fungus that absorbs nutrients and water from host plant
Where is Haustorium located in the host cell?
It is not directly located in the cytoplasm of the host cell, but it is surrounded by an extra-haustoria membrane derived from the plant plasma membrane.
Name of special hyphae tip that through which parasitic fungi absorb nutrients directly from cytoplasm of living host
Haustorium
What is mannan
Protein that forms part of the fungal cell wall
Chlamydospore
A thick walled resting structure that can survive unfavorable environmental conditions
Zygospore is formed from…
Gametangial copulation
Conidia are
Spores at the top of fungal hyphae
Collumela is a specialised structure that is found in sporangium of
Rhizopus
