Lecture 2: Fungal Structures

Question 1

How are fungal structures studied

Answer 1

• Light microscope with different strains
• Fluorescent microscopy
• Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)

Question 2

Septa

Answer 2

Cell walls that divide fungal cells

Question 3

coenocytic hyphae

Answer 3

Hyphae without septa

Question 4

Function of hyphae

Answer 4

Absorb and translocated nutrients

Question 5

Thallus

Answer 5

• made up of mycelium and at some stage can produce spores directly or through fruiting bodies

Question 6

Simple pore

Answer 6

• septa cut incompletely, surrounded by wornin bodies

Question 7

Dolipore

Answer 7

• More complexed
• found mostly in Basidiomycota
• structure usually capped at either ends by parenthesomes

Question 8

Rhizomorphs

Answer 8

They’re exploratory organs that are thick, root-like structures made up of somatic hyphae and are tightly arranged in parallel.

Question 9

Function of rhizomorphs

Answer 9

• Branches out to search for new nutrients
• Capable of conducting nutrients over long distances
• Transfer nutrients to a developing fruiting body

Question 10

Asexual Structures

Answer 10

• Sporangiophore
• Conidophore

Question 11

The 3 types of wall building processes in conidiogenesis

Answer 11

• Apical : secretory vesicles concentrate at the tip
• Diffuse: vesicles are all over apical region and cause swelling
• Ring: synthesis is concentrated in a ring below the top and produces new wall by proximal growth

Question 12

Types conidiogenous cells

Answer 12

• Phialide: conidiogenous cells that produce conidia in basipetal succession without increasing length
  Annelide: conidiogenous cells producing conidia in basipetal succession by a series of short per-current proliferations that increase in length and get narrower

Question 13

Blastic conidiogenesis

Answer 13

develops by blowing out the cell wall

Question 14

Thallic conidiogenesis

Answer 14

a crossed wall first forms then created cell develops into a spore

Question 15

Arrangement of conidia

Answer 15

• Solitary: single (chain-Like)
• Catenulate: branched-chain-like

Question 16

Sclerota

Answer 16

• survival structure
• Hard dark resting body, mass of hyphae threads

Question 17

Appressorium

Answer 17

An infection structure that is a specialized cell used to infect host plants. A minute peg grows out of it and enters the host, using turgor pressure to puncture through a cell wall

Question 18

Infection thread

Answer 18

Infection structure that enters host through natural openings, wounds or by direct penetration

Question 19

Vesicle

Answer 19

Infection structure that is a wedge and grows from the appressorium through the stomata, it swells to form a substomatal vesicle

Question 20

Haustorium

Answer 20

Special structure of biographic fungus that absorbs nutrients and water from host plant

Question 21

Where is Haustorium located in the host cell?

Answer 21

It is not directly located in the cytoplasm of the host cell, but it is surrounded by an extra-haustoria membrane derived from the plant plasma membrane.

Question 22

Name of special hyphae tip that through which parasitic fungi absorb nutrients directly from cytoplasm of living host

Answer 22

Haustorium

Question 23

What is mannan

Answer 23

Protein that forms part of the fungal cell wall

Question 24

Chlamydospore

Answer 24

A thick walled resting structure that can survive unfavorable environmental conditions

Question 25

Zygospore is formed from…

Answer 25

Gametangial copulation

Question 26

Conidia are

Answer 26

Spores at the top of fungal hyphae

Question 27

Collumela is a specialised structure that is found in sporangium of

Answer 27

Rhizopus