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NEURO MIDTERM1 > LECTURE 9: spinal region > Flashcards

LECTURE 9: spinal region Flashcards

1
Q

when do the spinal rami start?

A

in the PNS

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2
Q

what are Small groups of axons of lower motor neurons that leave SC thru anterolateral sulcus that join to form ventral nerve root

A

ventral rootlets

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3
Q

Ia and A β for fine touch & proprioception are apart of what?

A

dorsal rootlets medial

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4
Q

A delta and C for pain and temperature are apart of what rootless

A

lateral dorsal rootlets

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5
Q

what Anchor SC along its length to dura mater, to each side and each segment to help keep teh SC from moving

A

Denticulate ligaments

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6
Q

what is in the white matter

A

axons

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7
Q

what is in the gray matter

A

cell bodies

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8
Q

what is the propriospinal tract

A

axons that originate and terminate within the SC

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9
Q

where is the propriospinal tract in the SC

A

surround the gray matter

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10
Q

what are Long axon cells that carry info connecting spinal cord and brain

A

tract cells

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11
Q

nucleus dorsalis/ clarie’s column extends vertically from

A

T1-L3

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12
Q

what does the clark’s column/ nucleus dorsalis receive

A

proprioceptive info and sends to cerebellum (unconscious)

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13
Q

1st order neurons of spinothalamic tract synapse here

A

substantial gelatinosa

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14
Q

preganglionic autonomic neurons are ____ leaving the SC thru _____ ____

A

Preganglionic autonomic neurons are efferent, leaving the SC thru ventral root

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15
Q

which levels aer the epidural anesthesia injected in and what space

A

L3 & L4 and epidural space

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16
Q

where is the spinal anesthesia injected into

A

subarachnoid space

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17
Q

the segmental spinal arteries supplement anterior spinal and posterior spinal arteries thru what

A

segmental medullary arteries

18
Q

segmental spinal arteries give rise to ________ which follow and supple dorsal and ventral ____

A

Give rise to anterior and posterior radicular arteries which follow and supply dorsal and ventral roots

19
Q

what do central pattern generators input in

A

automatic rhythmic motor activities

20
Q

can the SC develop neuroplasticity and motor learn, even without cortical in put

A

yes

21
Q

what are stepping pattern generators

A

a type of central pattern generators

22
Q

reciprocal coordination of stepping occurs from communication thru what

A

SC’s anterior commissure

23
Q

Receptors from skin, muscles, and/or joints can transmit ____ information to cause different kinds of withdrawal mvmts

A

afferent (withdrawal reflex)

24
Q

what is reciprocal inhibition

A

Inhibits activation of antagonist muscle while activating agonist muscles

25
Q

when does reciprocal inhibition occur

A

during reflexive and voluntary muscle activity

26
Q

inputs to reciprocal inhibitory inter neurons come from what tracts

A

Corticospinal, rubrospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts

27
Q

what are the 3 CNS levels needed from urinary continence

A

frontal cortex, pons and sacral cord

28
Q

if bladder is full, but situation is inappropriate to void, frontal cortex tells ____ tract to
control pelvic floor muscles to compress the bladder neck and assist external sphincter

A

corticospinal

29
Q

if it is okay from you to pee what foes the frontal cortex disinhibit

A

the pons which signals parasympathetic neurons to contract bladder wall and relax internal sphincter

30
Q

what syndrome causes flaccid paresis of lower limb muscles , bladder and bowels

A

cause equina syndrome

31
Q

during tethered cord syndrome, if it effects the anterior cauda equina then what sign is that

A

lower motor neuron signs

32
Q

if there is excessive stretch of spinal cord in tethered cord syndrome than what signs show

A

upper motor neuron signs

33
Q

what is tethered cord associated with

A

spina buffa myelomeningocele (L4 , L5 , S1)

34
Q

what marks the end of spinal shock

A

return of anal reflexes

35
Q

Spinal neurons can become _____, developing hyperreflexia as
neuroplasticity develops new synapses in reflex pathway

A

hyperexcitable

36
Q

what causes flaccid areflexive bladder

A

Injury at S2-S4

37
Q

Injury above S2-S4 interrupts _____ tracts causing hypertonic, hyperreflexive bladder

A

descending

38
Q

after spinal injury , fertility returns to what for men and female

A

male : low sperm counts and low fertility
women: return to normal

39
Q

spastic cerebral palsy may require selective

A

dorsal rhizotomy

40
Q

what is multiple sclerosis

A

progressive demyelinating disease of CNS

41
Q

cord compression due to

A

spinal canal stenosis and Syringomyelia

NEURO MIDTERM1 (10 decks)

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