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NEURO MIDTERM1 > LECTURE 7: peripheral nerves > Flashcards

LECTURE 7: peripheral nerves Flashcards

1
Q

are all neural structures in the PNS protected by bone

A

no

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2
Q

which CNs would be considered part of the CNS

A

1 & 2 bc they don’t not exit the skull

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3
Q

are anterior and posterior ramus part of the PNS

A

yes

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4
Q

in the PNS what is the gray matter

A

ganglia : collections of neuron cell bodies in the pNS

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5
Q

what is the white matter in the PNS

A

bundles of axons in the PNS

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6
Q

what are the type of neurons in the PNS

A

afferent
efferent
interneurons

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7
Q

where are the cell bodies from the afferent neurons

A

dorsal root ganglion outside of sc

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8
Q

where are the afferent neurons going to

A

skin to the spinal cord

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9
Q

where are the cell bodies for efferent neurons

A

ventral horn

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10
Q

where is the efferent neurons traveling to

A

ventral horn to outside of the body

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11
Q

what are clusters of peripheral neuronal cell bodies

A

ganglia

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12
Q

what are large cable-like tissue grouped by numerous
fascicles

A

nerve trunk

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13
Q

what are groups of axons bound into bundles

A

nerve fascicle

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14
Q

what is the Perineurium

A

wrapping around fascicle

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15
Q

what transports chemicals between axon and cell body and provides information for genetic machinery to regulate cell’s basic function

A

axoplasm

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16
Q

Axoplasm thickens and becomes more resistant to flow when

A

stationary

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17
Q

what is the general function of type 1a fibers

A

muscle spindle primary ending

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18
Q

what is the general function for 1b fiber type

A

golgi tendon organs

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19
Q

what is the general function for typer II fiber

A

touch , kinesthesia , muscle spindle secondary ending

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20
Q

what is general function of type III fiber of peripheral axons

A

pain , crude touch , pressure , temperature

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21
Q

what is the general function of type IV fiber of peripheral axon

A

pain , touch , pressure , temp

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22
Q

is the sensory division of the PNS afferent or efferent

A

afferent

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23
Q

what are the 2 sensory division within the sensory division of the PNS

A

somatic and visceral

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24
Q

what type of motor is somatic motor

A

voluntary

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25
Q

what type of motor is visceral motor

A

involuntary motor

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26
Q

visceral motor in the pns is like what other system

A

automonic nervous system : parasympathetic and sympathetic

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27
Q

the somatic motor division of the PNS innervates what

A

all skeletal muscle

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28
Q

the somatic sensory system of the PNS is speaical for what

A

hearing , equilibrium and vision

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29
Q

what visceral sensory system in the PNS is special for what

A

taste and smell

30
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves attach thru ventral and dorsal n roots

A

31

31
Q

C1-C7 spinal nerves emerge where

A

above respective vertebrae

32
Q

C8 spinal nerve rest and emerge …

A

below respective vertebrae

33
Q

if there is an impingement between C6 - C7 disc what would be effected

A

C7 SN

34
Q

what typee of information does the ventral roots carry

A

motor

35
Q

what type of information foes the dorsal root carry

A

sensory

36
Q

where are the cell bodies for afferent nerve

A

dorsal root

37
Q

where are the cell bodies for the efferent nerve

A

ventral root

38
Q

where do the dorsal and ventral roots join together what what do they form

A

form the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen

39
Q

what ramus inn postiero vertebra and over lying skin

A

dorsal

40
Q

what ramus inn anterior and lateral body and limb of skeleton , mm and skin

A

anterior

41
Q

what is the cervical plexus

A

C1 - C4

42
Q

what is the brachial plexus

A

C5 -T1

43
Q

what is the lumbar plexus

A

L1 - L 4

44
Q

can damage to 1 spinal segment or root completely paralyze any limb muscle

A

no

45
Q

what does the cervical plexus carry

A

efferent nn to many mm of neck
afferent nn from skin of skin , shoulder and scalp near ear

46
Q

what is the sole motor supply of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves C3 C4 C5

47
Q

where does the brachial plexus carry efferent and afferent nerves

A

efferent : mm of shldr, arm, forearm,
hand
afferent: same skin of same areas

48
Q

what are the main nerves of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous
median
ulnar
axillary
radial

49
Q

where does the lumbar plexus carry efferent nerves to

A

mm of anterior pelvis , anterior and medial thigh

50
Q

where does the lumbar plexus carry afferent nerves to

A

from skin of anterior pelvis , anterior and medial thigh and medial lower leg

51
Q

where does the sacral plexus originate from

A

ventral rami of L5 - S5

52
Q

where does the sacral plexus carry efferent nn to

A

mm of posterior
pelvis, post thigh, ant and post lower
leg and foot

53
Q

where does the lumbar plexus carry afferent nn from

A

skin fo posteior pelvis , post thigh , ant and post lower leg and foot

54
Q

what is a mononeuropathy and examples

A

single n involvement
bell’s palsy , carpal tunnel

55
Q

what is polyneuropathy and examples

A

distal , symmetric distribution
diabetics

56
Q

what is multifocal random, asymmetric involvement of individual nn

A

multiple mononeuropathy

57
Q

what is repeated mechanical pressures impair blood flow and cause changes to connective tissue of n

A

traumatic myelinopathy (mononeuropathies)

58
Q

what is an example of traumatic myelinopathy

A

carpal tunnel

59
Q

in traumatic myelinopathy myelin becomes damaged and with sensitization of nociceptors the n becomes excessively
sensitive to ____ or _____ stimul

A

mechanical or chemical

60
Q

what is it If Schwann cells and connective tissues intact, can regrow at rate of 1 mm/day

A

traumatic axonopathy

61
Q

traumatic axonopathy occurs after

A

crush injury or closed fx

62
Q

what is the prognosis for severance

A

poor

63
Q

what syndrome is an nflammatory demyelinating syndrome that typically occurs after viral infection causing more motor than sensory problems, distal to proximal
progression

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome which is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyraciculoneurppathy

64
Q

polyneuropathy is a symmetric involvement of what

A

sensory, motor, and autonomic fibers

65
Q

polyneuropathy progress from

A

distal to proximal

66
Q

what are the first symptoms of polyneuropathy

A

sensory loss/ dysfunction

67
Q

small fiber symptoms of polyneuropathy include

A

pain, temperature, numbness, dysthesias

68
Q

large fiber symptoms of polyneuropathy is

A

sensory ataxia, proprioception and
vibration sense

69
Q

polyneuropathy will present with signs and symptoms of

A

Lower motor neuron disease (decrease DTR., atrophy , weakness)

70
Q

if you have a PNS dysfunction what is the muscle tone

A

hypotonia ( opposite for CNS)

71
Q

if you have a PNS dysfunction how does your muscle atrophy

A

fast

72
Q

in a dysfunction of the PNS DTRs are

A

decreased or absent

NEURO MIDTERM1 (10 decks)

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