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NEURO MIDTERM1 > LECTURE 7: cranial nerves; > Flashcards

LECTURE 7: cranial nerves; Flashcards

1
Q

How many CN are in the midbrain

A

2 CN , III and IV

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2
Q

how many CN are in the pons

A

4 CN , V-VIII

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3
Q

how many CN are in the medulla

A

4 CN, IX - XII

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4
Q

how many pairs of CN exit from the surface of the brain stem

A

12

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5
Q

what does CN X innervate

A

throacic/ abdominal viscera

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6
Q

which neurons are axons and receptors of CNs are part of the PNS , myelinated by Schwann cells

A

sensory

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7
Q

which CNs are entirely within the skull and technically have no peripheral component, myelinated by oligodendroglia, making them susceptible to certain diseases
(MS)

A

CN I and II

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8
Q

where are the nuclei of the motor neurons

A

inside the brain stem

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9
Q

what foramen does CN I exit form

A

cribiform plate

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10
Q

what foramen does CN II exit form

A

optic canal

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11
Q

what foramen does CN III exit form

A

superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

what foramen does CN IV exit form

A

superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

what foramen does CN V exit form

A

V1- superior orbital fissure
V2- foramen rotundum
V3- foramen ovale

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14
Q

what foramen does CN VI exit form

A

superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

what foramen does CN VII exit form

A

auditory canal ( stylomastoid foramen)

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16
Q

what foramen does CN VIII exit form

A

auditory canal

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17
Q

what foramen does CN IX exit form

A

jugular foramen

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18
Q

what foramen does CN X exit form

A

jugular foramen

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19
Q

what foramen does CN XI enter and exit from

A

enters skull via foramen magnum and exits via jugular foramen

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20
Q

what foramen does CN XII exit form

A

hypoglossal foramen

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21
Q

what is the motor innervation for the CN

A

muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and 2
neck muscles

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22
Q

the CNs get somatosensory information from

A

skin and muscles of face and
temporomandibular joint

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23
Q

what is the only sensory input that reaches cortex without going thru thalamus

A

CN1

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24
Q

what is Anosmia and which CN can this be a disease from

A

loss of sense of smell and CN 1

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25
Q

where does the reflex of CN 2 happen

A

midbrain

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26
Q

if there is a loss of function of optic nerve between chiasm and eyes what will it cause

A

ipsilateral blindness

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27
Q

what is damage in R visual cortex or along path prior to optic chiasm called

A

L homonymous hemianopsia

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28
Q

dilation is part of what nervous system

A

sympathetic

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29
Q

constriction is part of what nervous system

A

parasympathetic

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30
Q

what are the clinical implications of the oculomotor nerve

A

external strabismus
ipsilateral ptosis
diplopia
mydriasis

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31
Q

what is External strabismus

A

ipsilateral eye fixed
in abd

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32
Q

what is Ipsilateral ptosis

A

paralysis of upper
eyelid

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33
Q

what is Diplopia

A

double vison

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34
Q

what is mydriasis

A

Ipsilateral pupil fully dilated

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35
Q

which muscle of the eye is involved with rotation

A

inferior oblique

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36
Q

what muclse of the eye lifts your eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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37
Q

what does the trochlear n inn

A

superior oblique muscle

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38
Q

what does the superior oblique muscle do

A

rotates the eye

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39
Q

what is the only CN that exits from the dorsum of the brainstem

A

CN IV

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40
Q

what are the clinical implications of CN IV, trochlear n

A

ilpilaterla eye can not look down and in

41
Q

what does the motor branch of the mandibular n innervates

A

muscle of mastication

massester
temporalis
medial/lateral pterygoid

42
Q

what is CN V triggered by

A

tactile stimulation of cornea

43
Q

what is the consensual blink response?

A

1st order neuron – trigeminal ganglion
2nd order neuron – spinal trigeminal nucleus

to interneuron in reticular formation
To B CN VII facial n to B orbicularis oculi to
blink both eyes

44
Q

if a patient has numbness of same side of face and inside of mouth which CN can be impaired

A

CN V

45
Q

if the jaw deviates toward the weak side due to unbalanced action of internal pterygoid of strong side which CN can be impaired

A

CN V

46
Q

what is sharp shooting facial neuropathic pain set off by stimulation not normally painful

A

trigeminal neuralgia

47
Q

is there sensory loss with trigeminal neuralgia

A

no

48
Q

what innervated the lateral rectus m

A

CN VI : abducens

49
Q

which CNs can cause double vision

A

IV, III , VI

50
Q

the facial n inn the parasympathetic fibers of

A

superior salivatory n
all salivary glands except parotid

51
Q

the facial n signals to and from CN VII and have nuclei where

A

pond , medulla and upper sc

52
Q

if a patient has a R upper motor neuron lesion in the brain (cortical stroke) what pattern of facial weakness would u see compared to a lower motor neuron lesion

A

upper motor neuron lesion would effect only half of the left side of the face because the supper face is bilateral

if there was a lower motor neuron lesion then the whole left side wold be weak because it is effecting the whole lower face and upper fave

53
Q

cortical control of the upper face is

A

bilateral

54
Q

cortical control of the lower face is

A

contralateral

55
Q

what Tends to come from viral or immune
disorder that causes swelling of facial n
within temporal bone that can cause
compression/ischemia

A

bell’s palsy

56
Q

what does teh vestibular branch tramsmit in CN VIII

A

info related to head position and mvmt

57
Q

what does the cochlear branch transmit in CN VIII

A

info related to hearing

58
Q

where are the peripheral receptors in vestibular
apparatus and cochlear organ

A

inner ear

59
Q

what is included in the vestibular apparatus:

A

▪ Utricle
▪ Saccule
▪ 3 semicircular canals (SCC)

60
Q

membranous labyrinth is suspended within what

A

body labyrinth

61
Q

what separated bony/membranous labyrinths

A

periphymph

62
Q

what is inside membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

63
Q

what receptors are inside membranous labyrinth

A

hair cell

64
Q

head mvmt causes movement of ___ inside to move embedded hair cells to fire ________

A

endolympth to fire vestibular branch of CN VIII

65
Q

what happens inside the semicircular canals

A

responds to rotational acceleration/ deceleration of head

66
Q

what happens inside of utricle and saccule

A

responds to head position relative to
gravity and linear acceleration/deceleration

67
Q

what connections account for activating effect of sound on CNS

A

reticular formation

68
Q

what is directly and via superior olive, info is integrated from B ears to locate sounds

A

inferior colliculus

69
Q

what serves as thalamic relay station to primary auditory cortex

A

medial geniculate body

70
Q

what 3 cortical areas process auditory information:

A

auditory cortex
auditory association cortex
wernicke’s area

71
Q

what does teh auditory cortex do

A

conscious awareness of sounds

72
Q

what compares sounds with memories of other sounds and categorizes them

A

auditory association cortex

73
Q

what is Wernicke’s area

A

comprehension of spoken language

74
Q

what does loss of hearing in one ear interfere with

A

the ability to locate sounds

75
Q

what is deafness as a result of peripheral disorders is classified as

A

conductive or sensorineural

76
Q

when does conductive deafness occur

A

when transmission of vibrations is prevented in the
outer or middle ear

77
Q

what are common causes of conductive deafness

A

excessive wax in the outer ear canal or otitis media

78
Q

what deafness is due to damage of receptor cells or the cochlear nerve

A

sensorineural

79
Q

what are common causes for sensorineural deafness

A

acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs, Ménière’s
disease, and acoustic neuroma.

80
Q

the vestibular branch of CN VIII ransmits information from hair cells of SCCs, utricle, and saccule to:

A

▪ Vestibular nuclei in medulla and pons
▪ Flocculonodular lobe in cerebellum

81
Q

what are the clinical implications of vestibular branch CN VIII

A

causes vertigo and dizziness

82
Q

where do the motor fibers of the glossopharangeal n inn

A

stylopharyngeus m

83
Q

where do the parasympathetic fibers of the glossophartangeal n go to

A

parotid salivary gland and carotid body/sinus (O2 and BP

84
Q

where do the somatosensory fibers in the glossopharangeal n go to

A

soft palate, pharynx, around ear, and post 1/3 of tongue

85
Q

where is the info from the glossopharangeal nerev get processed at

A

in nucleus in medulla and upper cervical SC

86
Q

the somatic motor of the vagus nerve goes where

A

to the tongue

87
Q

the parasympathetic motor fibers of the vagus nerve do what

A

decrease HR, constrict
bronchi, and increase digestion

88
Q

what nerve is the efferent part of the gag and swallowing reflex

A

vagus

89
Q

what is the only nerve that enters and exits the skull

A

CN XI : accessory

90
Q

what muscles do the CN XI innervate

A

SCM and tramps

91
Q

where are the cell bodies of the CN XI located

A

in spinal accessory nucleus

92
Q

what are the clinical implications for CN XI

A

▪ Weakness when turning head to side opposite
lesion
▪ Downward rotation of scapula

93
Q

what CN Innervates all intrinsic tongue mm and ¾ extrinsic
tongue mm

A

CN XII

94
Q

where are the cell bodies of the hypoglossal n found

A

in hypoglossal nucleus of medulla

95
Q

what lesion causes flaccid paralysis/atrophy of ipsilateral
tongue mm, so tongue deviates towards side of
lesion when protruded

A

LMN lesion of CN XII

96
Q

what lesion causes inactivity of contralateral tongue mm so
tongue deviates to side opposite of lesion

A

UMN lesion of CN XII

97
Q

what is it called if you have difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

98
Q

what is dysarthria

A

poor control of speech muscles

NEURO MIDTERM1 (10 decks)

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