lecture 9-religion

Question 1

3 largest universalizing religions

Answer 1

christianity
islam
buddhism

Question 2

what is a universalizing religion?

Answer 2

attempts to be global
appeal to all people, not just one culture or location
(transcultural)

Question 3

3 largest ethnic religions

Answer 3

hinduism
chinese folk
ethno-religions

Question 4

what is an ethnic religion

Answer 4

appeals to one ethnic or cultural group

Question 5

atheism

Answer 5

belief that god does not exist

Question 6

agnosticism

Answer 6

belief that the existence of god can’t be proven or disproven

Question 7

what is religion?

Answer 7

= belief, faith in something divine, spiritual, or supernatural
“Religare” in Latin means to bind together
“Religio” means to re read or consider carefully

Question 8

Organized religion=

Answer 8

formally documented religion

Question 9

folk religion=

Answer 9

collection of established practices

Question 10

polytheistic

Answer 10

multiple gods

Question 11

monotheistic

Answer 11

one god

Question 12

pantheon

Answer 12

collection of gods or entities in a religion

Question 13

cult

Answer 13

charismatic leader, good or bad cults

Question 14

what is the difference between ethnic religions and indigenous and folk religions?

Answer 14

indigenous and folk religions are smaller and more culturally/regionally specific

Question 15

a branch of religion=

Answer 15

a large, fundamental division in religion

Question 16

a denomination or sect of religion=

Answer 16

(subgroups)
unites several local congregations into a single administrative body

Question 17

a congregation=

Answer 17

a local assemble of people brought together for common religious or worship and practices

Question 18

3 main branches of christianity

Answer 18

1. roman cathotlic
   –> pope oversees everything, overarching figure
2. protestant
3. orthodox

Question 19

Buddhism

Answer 19

indian religion
Original practitioner was Buddha
4th largest religion
Practiced by monks primarily
Buddha is not seen as a god but a teacher

Question 20

3 main branches of buddhism

Answer 20

1. Mahayana
2. Theravada
3. Vajrayna

Question 21

Islam

Answer 21

Arabic
“submission to the will of god”
Muslim
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Centered on the Quaran and teachings of the prophet Muhammad
Second largest religion
Originated in Mecca in 610 CE

Question 22

2 main branches of Islam

Answer 22

Sunni
Shia or Shiite

Question 23

Hinduism

Answer 23

=umbrella term for Indian religions and traditions

• unified by the concept of dharma
  Third largest religion
  97% of Hinduism is practiced in india, not spread out
  No original founding or current leader

Brahaman= an entitiy/manifestation help people to communicate with the ultimate reality
Dharma= overall balance of the universe, manifests into karma

Question 24

3 sects of hinduism

Answer 24

Vaishnavism
Shaivism
Shaktism

Question 25

Sacred spaces

Answer 25

Almost all religions have sacred spaces Engage in religious practices Some are built, some are natural Pilgrimage to holy sites Places are often created, specific goals and functions, rules

Question 26

Toponyms=

Answer 26

named after religious figures

Question 27

time in religion=

Answer 27

calendar (solar, lunar…), day of worship, festivals

Question 28

Symbolism, Iconography and landscapes in religion=

Answer 28

organization and layout of settlements

Question 29

syncretic religions

Answer 29

combine ideas from several traditions ex. Chinese Folk Religions or New Religions

Question 30

what is typical about a universalizing religion in terms of place of origin?

Answer 30

it is typical that their place of origin is known and derived from events in life of a specific person

Question 31

origins/person of chistianity

Answer 31

jesus

Question 32

origins/person of islam

Answer 32

muhammad

Question 33

how did christianity spread? (diffusion of christianity)

Answer 33

relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion! 1. spreads from its hearth in judea through relocation diffusion - missionaries= individuals who transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion 2. two types of expansion diffusion --> contagious diffusion= daily contact between believers in towns and non believers in the countryside --> hierarchical diffusion= diffusion through key leaders

Question 34

diffusion of buddhism

Answer 34

diffused from original point in South Asia to East Asia Emperor Ashoka was responsible for spread of early buddhism

Question 35

pilgrimage

Answer 35

religious journey ex. Islam= muslims journey to Mecca

Question 36

hinduism: pilgrimages

Answer 36

bathe in the holy river of ganges purification/cleansing

Question 37

Cosmogony

Answer 37

a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe ex. christianity and islam beleive that god (or allah) created the universe ex. chinese folk; the universe is made of yin and tang

Question 38

largest ethnic religion

Answer 38

hinduism

Question 39

Christians are most numerous in which regions?

Answer 39

Europe, North America, Latin America

Question 40

Muslims are most numerous in which regions?

Answer 40

Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and Southwest Asia & North Africa

Question 41

Buddhists are most numerous in which region?

Answer 41

East Asia

Question 42

Hinduism is primarily in which region?

Answer 42

South Asia