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geog 100 > lecture 9-religion > Flashcards

lecture 9-religion Flashcards

1
Q

3 largest universalizing religions

A

christianity
islam
buddhism

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2
Q

what is a universalizing religion?

A

attempts to be global
appeal to all people, not just one culture or location
(transcultural)

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3
Q

3 largest ethnic religions

A

hinduism
chinese folk
ethno-religions

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4
Q

what is an ethnic religion

A

appeals to one ethnic or cultural group

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5
Q

atheism

A

belief that god does not exist

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6
Q

agnosticism

A

belief that the existence of god can’t be proven or disproven

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7
Q

what is religion?

A

= belief, faith in something divine, spiritual, or supernatural
“Religare” in Latin means to bind together
“Religio” means to re read or consider carefully

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8
Q

Organized religion=

A

formally documented religion

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9
Q

folk religion=

A

collection of established practices

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10
Q

polytheistic

A

multiple gods

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11
Q

monotheistic

A

one god

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12
Q

pantheon

A

collection of gods or entities in a religion

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13
Q

cult

A

charismatic leader, good or bad cults

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14
Q

what is the difference between ethnic religions and indigenous and folk religions?

A

indigenous and folk religions are smaller and more culturally/regionally specific

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15
Q

a branch of religion=

A

a large, fundamental division in religion

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16
Q

a denomination or sect of religion=

A

(subgroups)
unites several local congregations into a single administrative body

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17
Q

a congregation=

A

a local assemble of people brought together for common religious or worship and practices

18
Q

3 main branches of christianity

A
  1. roman cathotlic
    –> pope oversees everything, overarching figure
  2. protestant
  3. orthodox
19
Q

Buddhism

A

indian religion
Original practitioner was Buddha
4th largest religion
Practiced by monks primarily
Buddha is not seen as a god but a teacher

20
Q

3 main branches of buddhism

A
  1. Mahayana
  2. Theravada
  3. Vajrayna
21
Q

Islam

A

Arabic
“submission to the will of god”
Muslim
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Centered on the Quaran and teachings of the prophet Muhammad
Second largest religion
Originated in Mecca in 610 CE

22
Q

2 main branches of Islam

A

Sunni
Shia or Shiite

23
Q

Hinduism

A

=umbrella term for Indian religions and traditions

  • unified by the concept of dharma
    Third largest religion
    97% of Hinduism is practiced in india, not spread out
    No original founding or current leader

Brahaman= an entitiy/manifestation help people to communicate with the ultimate reality
Dharma= overall balance of the universe, manifests into karma

24
Q

3 sects of hinduism

A

Vaishnavism
Shaivism
Shaktism

25
Q

Sacred spaces

A

Almost all religions have sacred spaces
Engage in religious practices
Some are built, some are natural
Pilgrimage to holy sites
Places are often created, specific goals and functions, rules

26
Q

Toponyms=

A

named after religious figures

27
Q

time in religion=

A

calendar (solar, lunar…), day of worship, festivals

28
Q

Symbolism, Iconography and landscapes in religion=

A

organization and layout of settlements

29
Q

syncretic religions

A

combine ideas from several traditions
ex. Chinese Folk Religions or New Religions

30
Q

what is typical about a universalizing religion in terms of place of origin?

A

it is typical that their place of origin is known and derived from events in life of a specific person

31
Q

origins/person of chistianity

A

jesus

32
Q

origins/person of islam

A

muhammad

33
Q

how did christianity spread? (diffusion of christianity)

A

relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion!

  1. spreads from its hearth in judea through relocation diffusion
    - missionaries= individuals who transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion
  2. two types of expansion diffusion
    –> contagious diffusion= daily contact between believers in towns and non believers in the countryside
    –> hierarchical diffusion= diffusion through key leaders
34
Q

diffusion of buddhism

A

diffused from original point in South Asia to East Asia

Emperor Ashoka was responsible for spread of early buddhism

35
Q

pilgrimage

A

religious journey

ex. Islam= muslims journey to Mecca

36
Q

hinduism: pilgrimages

A

bathe in the holy river of ganges
purification/cleansing

37
Q

Cosmogony

A

a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

ex. christianity and islam beleive that god (or allah) created the universe
ex. chinese folk; the universe is made of yin and tang

38
Q

largest ethnic religion

A

hinduism

39
Q

Christians are most numerous in which regions?

A

Europe, North America, Latin America

40
Q

Muslims are most numerous in which regions?

A

Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and Southwest Asia & North Africa

41
Q

Buddhists are most numerous in which region?

A

East Asia

42
Q

Hinduism is primarily in which region?

A

South Asia

geog 100 (9 decks)

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