lecture 8- tourism Flashcards
what is tourism?
a process/pursuit
act of going away from one’s home for recreation/leisure
3 types of tourism
relaxation, sport, experience
history of tourism
Trade and commerce (exploration)
religious tourism
pilgrimage to ancient cites
health and spa towns
-hot springs and bathing, romans
-Japanese onsens, 6th century
- baden and vichy, hot springs and mineral springs
seaside towns
-places for wealthy people to escape metropolitan life
- in the UK, birghton and blackpool
- steam engine trains made these locations available to the working classes
“seaside holiday”
the grand tour
Started in the 16th century, took off in the 18th century
Sons of nobility would travel the ‘classical’ sites of Europe to be educated and cultured
-early focus on roman and Greek culture
-later focus on landscapes and nature
-start of many tourism traditions (souvenirs, guidebooks, accommodation…)
how did the birth of mass tourism start?
technological advances!
trains, steamships, airplanes
Social changes: how did they affect tourism
-working class disposable income
-vacation days part of work culture
-WW2 exposed many to new cultures
-tourism becomes an economic sector
Tourism: disruptions
Major conflicts (WW1 and 2, regional conflicts)
Economic crisis (great depression, 2008 financial crash)
Health crisis (SARS, Spanish flu, covid 19)
Environmental disasters
Tourism: destinations
“Place creation”
Real/authentic or fabricated
Nature—rural—urban
Historical—modern
Place branding; selling an idea
Can change over time
Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC): what is it?
Places develop over time
Modelled British seaside resort towns
Common pattern
Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC): stages
exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation,
Then… rejuvenation, prolonged stagnation or decline
sectors in tourism
Accomodations= hotels, motels, Airbnb, cabins, campgrounds
Food and beverage= restaurants and bars, coffee shops and convenience
Transportation= air, rail, road, public and private
Activities and attractions= tour operators, theme parks, museums
supporting industries and businesses
souvenir shops and pharmacies
tourism in BC
$2.1 billion provincial/municipal tax revenue
tourism is an export industry!!
people not from the local economy consuming resources
6 ways to conceptualize tourism
- length of time: weekend getaway, 2 week vacation, 6 months backpacking, 2 year work and travel visa…
- international vs. domestic
Easier to study domestic - money spent (luxury vs. economic)
Some places want luxury visiters who spend more money - demographics (age, gender, life-cycle of the traveller)
- travel style (mass-niche)
- travel motivation (recreation, business, health, education)
recreation
= activities pursued in your free time
Indoor vs outdoor
Adventure tourism
Regions known for certain activities
Ex. mountain biking, scuba diving…
landscape and recreation
Landscape influences recreation and recreation can influence landscape (golf courses, trails etc.)
Heritage: tourism
- cultural and historical aspects
-might have educational component
-museums and art galleries
-historic sites and old towns
Attraction based: tourism
-amusement and theme parks= simulacra (filtered reality, built to not be real life)
-gaming and casinos
-spectator sports
-shopping
Health: tourism
- health spas
-wellness retreats
-surgery or medical treatments
-retirement and assisted living
Business: tourism
MICE tourism= meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions
Site visits
Remote work; digital nomad
Niche: tourism
-hedonistic tourism
-dark tourism
-slum tourism
-agri-tourism
-voluntourism
Ex. tourism to see sites of historical tragedies
Over tourism and sustainability
Doxey’s Irridex model:
guest-host experiences
Carrying capacity
–> tourism can destroy its own viability
–> social-cultural and environmental
Ecotourism
