lecture 4- population and health Flashcards
Population
the number of people bound in an area
(ex. world population about 8.2B)
Cencus
means “to assess”, who is living in the area you are overseeing
- does not reflect undocumented people, homeless people etc.
-done every 4-6 years, expensive
Population density (arithmetic density)
= the number of humans living per unit land in the area
- ex. population density of Canada is 4 people per square km
- cities are areas of population and economic density
Physiological density
number of people per unit of arable land
enough food or resources?
Agricultural density
number of farmers per amount of arable land
Population clusters
(where is most of the world populated and why)
-2/3 of the world’s inhabitants live in four regions: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe
-the 4 regions generally have low-lying areas, temperate climate (not too much variation), soil good for agriculture (2 crop seasons/year)
Demographics
= the different characteristics of a population
Ex. age, sex, gender, income, occupation, race, health (lifespan), family structure…
Measuring population and fertility
crude birth rate
total fertility rate
Crude birth rate (CBR)=
total number of live births per year for every 1000 people
Total fertility rate (TFR)=
average number of children a woman aged 15-49 will have
CBR and TFR tend to be higher in which countires?
developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa
which regions are we seeing dramatic decline in CBR and TFR?
Parts of Europe and East Asia
Measuring population mortality
Crude death rate (CDR)
Infant mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Life expectancy
Crude death rate (CDR)=
total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people
Infant mortality rate=
number of live births that die within 1 year per 1000 people
Maternal mortality rate=
number of mothers that die as a direct result of childbirth in a year per 100,000 people
Life expectancy=
how long you are expected to live in a society
NIR=
= (CBR-CDR)/10
population growth: the natural increase rate (NIR)=
the percent by which a population grows in a year
population: Doubling time
number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant natural increase rate
Population pyramids
= represents a country by age and sex distributions
-splits the sex ratio between male and female
-split by age
- Expansive pyramid
a large amount of population is younger, smaller workforce=child labour?,
not enough people paying taxes,
can lead to youth unemployment as the population grows (ex. Nigeria)
- Constrictive or stationary pyramid (even/stationary distribution for younger and older people)
- most of the world is in this pyramid
- roughly same amount of people moving in and out of population/workforce
-slow but manageable growth
-workforce supports the younger and older population
(ex. Cambodia)
NIR= 1 is roughly stable
3.
Reductive/stationary/
stagnant pyramid:
swelling at the top rather than the bottom, not enough young people (ex. Japan)
NIR below zero (roughly)