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geog 100 > lecture 7- languages > Flashcards

lecture 7- languages Flashcards

1
Q

what is language?

A
  • a system of communication
    Speech, movement, sound symbols
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2
Q

5 things language can indicate

A

Time
Gender
Connections
Quantity
Place

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3
Q

centripetal force (languages)

A

Languages can unify people

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4
Q

Centrifugal force: languages

A

Language can also push/pull people away
- ex. in a place where you don’t speak the language

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5
Q

how many languages spoken worldwide?

A

7000

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6
Q

Institutional language

A

=used in education, work, media, government

-needs to be a literary tradition (written and spoken) to be used in institutions
-can be an official language
-standardized
“Accepted language”

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7
Q

what does an institutional language need to be?

A

literary tradition (written and spoken)

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8
Q

Stable language

A

=language is being consistently passed down through generations
- even if very few people speak the language

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9
Q

Endangered language

A

= threatened/dying out
–> the younger generations are not learning the language
- even if a lot of people currently speak the language

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10
Q

Language family=

A

collection of languages related through a common ancestral language

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11
Q

Language branch=

A

collection of languages within a family

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12
Q

Language group=

A

collection of languages in a branch that share a common origin

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13
Q

Taxonomy of languages:

A

many branches

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14
Q

Writing systems

A
  • collection of organized symbols
    –> letters (organized into sounds, alphabet, or syllabary system)
    Ex. English, Greek, cyrillic

–> logograms (symbol that represent words or meaningful parts of words)
Ex. Chinese, hieroglyphs, emojis?

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15
Q

what can the map of language families tell us about?

A

historical migration

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16
Q

Romance languages=

A

language of the Roman’s
- derived from Latin
- share a lot of base words from Latin

17
Q

Why are languages segregated/different despite being derived from the same language?

A

due to geographic features that physically separates the people in these regions

18
Q

History of english language

A

–> old English was a Germanic language; basically, impossible for us to read now
–> middle English; more standardized, “a knights tale”, written English was a new concept, emergence of modern English
–> modern English

19
Q

most broadly spoken language in the world

A

English

2B people live in a country where english is the official language

official language in 56 countries

20
Q

most prominent language on the internet

A

English

21
Q

Lingua Franca

A

= language of the franks, middle eastern traders used this when communicating with European traders

22
Q

Pidgin language

A

= simplified form of lingua franca, to communicate with speakers of another language, for governance and trade

23
Q

Creole language

A

= a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying and mixing into new forms

24
Q

Dialect

A

= a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation

25
Q

Accent

A

= describes a distinct way of pronunciation, does not include differences in vocabulary or grammar

26
Q

what 3 things cause accent diversity?

A
  • accent diversity caused by time
    -isolated communities have very different accents
    -settlement patterns and geographic features cause accent diversity
27
Q

Vocabulary

A

= body of words in a particular language

28
Q

Canada bilingual French and English autonomy

A

both recognized as an official language

need to have French and English food labels on food in Canada)

29
Q

language laws

A

-The charter of the French language -Bill 101

30
Q

Joual

A

spoken Quebecois

31
Q

how many indigenous languages spoken in Canada?

A

over 60

32
Q

Endangered languages and preservation:

A
  • between 2000-3000 languages are endangered
  • all of the 60 indigenous languages are endangered because younger generations are not learning them
33
Q

Inuit languages

A
  • system of closely interrelated dialect
  • further displaced geographically= less likely to understand eachother
    -100,000 speakers
34
Q

Preserving inuit language by using a writing system

A
  • Inuktitut syllabics
    -based on cree syllabics
  • it is digitized in Unicode, this helps preserve the language
  • Inuktitut is recognized/can be used in government documents
35
Q

Indigenous Language Act

A

to preserve, promote and revitalize indigenous languages

geog 100 (9 decks)

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