lecture 2- this is geography

Question 1

two basic parts of geography

Answer 1

space and place

Question 2

space=

Answer 2

physical location, gap or interval between objects or points

Question 3

place=

Answer 3

a space have attached human meaning to
ex. a house

Question 4

geagraphy means “—”

Answer 4

earth writing

Question 5

what are the 6 types of scales in geography?

Answer 5

• personal- local- regional national- international- global

Think of scales as a gradient, where does one finish and the next one start?

map scale

Question 6

what are maps used for?

Answer 6

reference tool
2D representation of earth’s surface
communication tool
cartography

Question 7

meridians=

Answer 7

longitude
ex. north to south pole

Question 8

parallels=

Answer 8

latitude
ex. the equator

Question 9

why are flight routes curved when we get further from the equator?

Answer 9

not the best map to use
v good for ships but not good for fuel efficiency

Question 10

what 2 “timings” do we use in maps?

Answer 10

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Question 11

what is the most used map?

Answer 11

Mercator projection

Question 12

Mercator projection map properties

Answer 12

= distorts size, preserves shape,

areas near the poles appear much larger than they actually are!

Question 13

When doing a map projection, you need to choose if you value to preserve —, —, or —

Answer 13

size, shape or direction

Question 14

Mercator projection origins

Answer 14

• preserves orientation very well, was made to help sailors find a reference point to navigate in the oceans
• getting further north or south it becomes almost impossible to use because it gets distorted, that is why Greenland is huge on the map!

Question 15

what area of the world does the mercator projection map put prevalence on?

Answer 15

• puts prevalence on Europe and the northern and southern hemisphere

-we have been so used to the orientation of the counties on this map, perhaps this has influenced global politics

Question 16

Topographic map

Answer 16

or hiking etc., useful for showing the elevation, high and low points, using contour lines or isobars, closer lines= steeper elevation

Question 17

Geological map

Answer 17

diff types of geological formations, minerals, to figure out what is below the earth

Question 18

Political map

Answer 18

shows counties and states, have an agenda, drastically change over time (borders, city names), when was it printed? Who printed it?

Question 19

Physical map

Answer 19

preserves shape of counties more, shows deserts, forests as well

Question 20

Cadaster map

Answer 20

shows city plans, electrical grids, city planning

Question 21

Thematic map

Answer 21

uses a shape or color to show contrast, ex. darker colour is a more densely populated area

Question 22

Cartography propaganda

Answer 22

who is included and excluded, how is it portrayed?

Question 23

Geographic information science

Answer 23

the science of analyzing data, figuring things out about the world

Question 24

Geographic information systems

Answer 24

the system that is used to analyze the data

Question 25

Photogrammetry and remote sensing example

Answer 25

satellite

Question 26

Spatial analysis (4)

Answer 26

• location
• distance
• regions
• interactions

Question 27

location: nominal

Answer 27

names

Question 28

location: absolute

Answer 28

coordinates

Question 29

location: relative

Answer 29

in relation to other things

Question 30

location: cognitive

Answer 30

what does the place mean to you?

Question 31

Toponyms

Answer 31

place names
- can be different names, names change as well

Question 32

distance: absolute

Answer 32

straight line from one point to another

Question 33

distance: relative

Answer 33

how will we get from one point to another (driving, bus route…)

Question 34

distance: cognitive

Answer 34

how you perceive the distance between the two points

how willing are you to make the trip?

Question 35

Tobler’s first law of geography: the friction of distance!

Answer 35

Everything is related to each other but as soon as distance increases, the less they are related

Distance-decay

Time-space compression

Question 37

Example of Tobbler’s first law of geography

Answer 37

a grocery store far away from your house versus one close to your house

In a 1km radius, things are very related to you, the further you go the faster the relationship to you decays

Question 38

Regions

Answer 38

= a combination of locations based on a shared attributes and definable characteristics bit not always a fixed boundary

• can be a variety of scales

Question 39

Interactions

Answer 39

= how different phenomenon work in conjunction with each other
- patterns and outliers
- accessibility (limiting?)
- networks

Question 40

Interactions: Agglomeration (example MEC)

Answer 40

where the MEC used to be on Broadway, created a local economy based on outdoor equipment, now there are many outdoor stores in that specific area
(agglomeration)

Question 41

Case study: watermain breaks

Answer 41

Hard to maintain and monitor
Collected 10 years of data about common breakages, who/how many people are being affected, how long to fix?

Superimposed the info and created a map to fix the water mains in the most effective way with limited funds