lecture 10- ethnicity and race

Question 1

Ethnicity

Answer 1

identity with a group of people who share cultural traditions of a homeland or hearth

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

identity with a group of people who are perceived to share physical traits, such as skin colour, and/or behavioural traits
–> doesn’t have to be physical traits, did not mean that in the past

Question 3

Nationality

Answer 3

identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country

Question 3

Racialization

Answer 3

=the process of constructing race as a social category and how this affects people’s daily lives…

–> shared experience between groups of people, influences opportunities (economic, political…), social spheres
–> to create power imbalances between groups

Question 4

Racialized people face…

Answer 4

lower incomes, less influence over decision making processes, police violence, lower life expectancies

Question 5

Apartheid in south Africa:

Answer 5

segregation between racial categories, control

Question 6

Ethnophobia=

Answer 6

fear of a particular ethnicity. Can overlap with Xenophobia, fear of people from other countries

Question 7

Ethnic cleansing=

Answer 7

purposeful policy designed by on ethnicity/religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.
Doesn’t have to be physical.

Question 8

Genocide=

Answer 8

the mass killing of a group of people to eliminate an entire group from existence. The far end of ethnic cleansing.
Ex. the holocaust

Question 9

Conflict has been a reason to justify…

Answer 9

ethnic cleansing and genocide

Question 10

Why do conflicts occur?

Answer 10

• when resources become scarcer. Power, territory, physical resources
• the interests of the societies elite class mobilize ethnic groups to engage in conflicts
• aspects and promotion of “othering” = them vs. us
• violent conflict is mainly caused by social and political systems that lead to inequality and grievances, do not offer options for peaceful expression of differences

Question 11

the scramble for africa

Answer 11

• boundary lines drawn through the lines of particular ethnic groups
• a lot of conflict occurs at the borders

Question 12

Yugoslavia

Answer 12

-created by the allies after WW1, trying to unite several Balkan ethnicities
- Josip Broz Tito helped forge Yugoslav identity
-Ethnic tensions flared after Tito’s death in the 80s
- Yugoslavia dissolved into smaller countries

-Ethnic regions and political lines were mismatched, leading to civil wars, ethnic cleansing and genocide from 1991-2001

Question 13

Atlantic Slave Trade and the African Diaspora:

Answer 13

• forced displacement of Africans from West Africa during the 15th to 19th century
• colonization and “Plantationocene”, working on Plantations

Question 14

countries: descendants of the African slave trade and African Diaspora

Answer 14

Caribbean, Haiti and Jamaica

Brazil

USA

Question 15

Internal migration of African Americans:

Answer 15

Interregional migration from US south to northern cities during the first half of the 20th century

Intraregional migration from the inner suburban neighbourhood during the second half of the 20th century

Question 16

Inuit=

Answer 16

the indigenous people who live in the northern regions of Canada, generally above the arctic circle

Question 17

First Nations=

Answer 17

the many different nations (634 recognized) living in the non-Arctic regions of Canada

Question 18

Metis=

Answer 18

distinct people and culture which arose from communities of First Nation and European fur traders

Question 19

Chinese Canadians and the history of Chinatown:

Answer 19

• the first Chinese people to settle in Canada were 50 artisans who accompanied Captain John Meares
• many arrived in the Fraser Valley from SF as gold prospectors
• Canadian Pacific Railway
• Hong Kong immigrants settled in Canada

Question 20

Exclusion Act=

Answer 20

period of decline, made worse by the Great Depression. Some residents started moving to nearby Japantown and Strathcona

Question 21

Head Tax

Answer 21

was introduced to try to discourage Chinese immigration