Lecture 9: Pelvis and Perineum

Question 1

What two muscles line the lateral wall of the true pelvis

Answer 1

1. obturator

2. piriformis

Question 2

Unstable pelvic fractures (3)

Answer 2

1. straddle
2. open book
3. vertical shear

Question 3

Stable pelvic fractures

Answer 3

1. transverse fracture of the sacrum
2. fracture of the iliac wing
3. fracture of the ipsilateral inferior and superior pubic rami

Question 4

2 muscles the form the pelvic floor

Answer 4

1. levator ani
   a. pubococcygeus
   b. iliococcygeus
   c. puborectalis
2. coccygeus muscles

Question 5

3 muscles that form the elevator ani

Answer 5

1. puboccygeus
2. iliococygeus
3. puborectalis

Question 6

Nerve roots obturator internis

Answer 6

1. L5-S1

obturator nerve

Question 7

Nerve roots piriformis

Answer 7

1. S1-S2

Question 8

Nerve roots levator ani

Answer 8

1. S3-S4

perineal nerve

Question 9

Nerve roots Cocygeus

Answer 9

1. S4-S5

Question 10

Function of pelvic diaphragm (2)

Answer 10

1. support structure for pelvic viscera

2. supports closure of rectum and vagina

Question 11

Factors of stress incontinence in women

Answer 11

1. weakening of levator ani
2. weakening of external urethral sphincter
3. wearing pubovesicular ligaments
4. weakening pubovesicular fascia

Question 12

Tx stress incontinence in women

Answer 12

Keggle exercises

Question 13

Lumbar splanchnic roots

Answer 13

1. T10-L2

Question 14

Sacral Splanchnic roots

Answer 14

1. L1-L3

Question 15

Pelvic Plexus nerve roots

Answer 15

S2-S4

Question 16

Pudential Nerve roots

Answer 16

S2-S4

Question 17

lumbar splanchnic innervation

Answer 17

PARASYMPATHETIC

Hind gut, pelvic floor

Question 18

Sacral Splanchnic innervation

Answer 18

PARASYMPATHETIC

synapses in plexus

Question 19

Pelvic Splanchnic

Answer 19

SYMPATHETIC

Hind gut, pelvic reproductive viscera

Question 20

Pudential nerve

Answer 20

somatic

skin, skeletal muscle of pelvic diaphragm and perineum

Question 21

3 components pelvic viscera

Answer 21

1. Distal GI
2. Distal urinary
3. male and female reproductive tracts

Question 22

Female Rectal Continence components (3)

Answer 22

1. internal and external sphincter
2. anorectal flexure
3. pelvic diaphragm