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Gross Anatomy > Lecture 4: Lower Limb/Knee > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Lower Limb/Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Popliteal Fossa (3)

A
  1. posterior aspect of knee
  2. main path by which vessles and nerves pass between thigh and leg
  3. feel for politeal artery
    - divides into anterior and posterior tibial artery
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2
Q

Popliteal artery becomes… (2)

A
  1. anterior tibial artery

2. posterial tibial artery

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3
Q

Bones of knee (3)

A
  1. Patella
  2. Tibia
  3. Fibula
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4
Q

Patella (3)

fractures?

A
  1. Kneecap
  2. sesamoid bone
  3. patellar fractures usually result from direct trauma to bones or sudden contraction of quadriceps muscles
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5
Q

Tibia

location
key landmarks (2)
A

main bone of lower leg, shin bone, medial to fibula

2nd largest bone- key weight bearing structure

key locations: tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

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6
Q

Fibula (3)

A

lateral aspect

more for attachment site of muscles

lateral malleolus

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7
Q

Muscles of lower leg (3 types )

A
  1. Anterior leg muscles
  2. Posterior leg muscles
  3. lateral leg muscles
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8
Q

Knee Joint

type/ROM
3 bones involved
2 articulations

A

synovial hinge, allows for flexion and extension

patella, femur, tibia + 2 minisci

articulations:
1. tibiofemoral: medial and lateral condyles of femur articulating with tibial condyles

  1. Patellofemoral: anterior aspect of distal femur articulating with patella
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9
Q

Tibiofemoral articulation in knee joint

A
  1. tibiofemoral: medial and lateral condyles of femur articulating with tibial condyles
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10
Q

Patellofemoral articulation in knee joint

A

anterior aspect of distal femur articulating with patella

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11
Q

Menisci (2 types)

A

in knee joint

shock absorbers

  1. lateral
  2. medial
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12
Q

2 Ligaments of Knee Joint

A
  1. cruciate
    - connect femur and tibia- cross eachother=cruciate
    - ACL (ANT.)
    - PCL (POST)
  2. collateral
    - sabilize hing motion of knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement
    - LCL (LAT.)
    - MCL (med.)
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13
Q

ACL rupture

Method of injury
dx (3)
manage
triad

A

common athletic injury

MOI: usually related to sharp turns when knee is twisted while foot is firmly on the ground

dx: radiographs can dx rupture, US accurate to dx complete tears, MRI sensitive and specific

can be managed operatively, and non op

unhappy triad: ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

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14
Q

ROM of knee (4)

A
  1. extension
  2. flexion
  3. lateral rotation
  4. medial rotation
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15
Q

Bursa of Knee (4)

A
  1. Suprapatella
  2. Perpatella
  3. Infrapatella
  4. Semimembranosus
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16
Q

Pes anserinus

what (3) muscles
where?

A

also called “goose foot’

isterts on:

  1. sartorius
  2. gracillis
  3. semitendinosus

*conjoining proximally on medial side of tibia

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17
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

partial avulsion of tibial tuberosity

-repetative stress on tuberosity may cause it to separate from tibia.
avulsed fragment continues to grow with intervening space filled with new bone of fribrous connective tissue so tibial tuberosity is enlarged

*more common in children who play sports

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18
Q

Deep Vein Drainage of LE: foot & leg

A
  1. Dorsal venous arch=main structure
  2. arch drains into superficial veins
  3. anterior tibial vein formed when veins from the arch penetrate deep into the leg
19
Q

Deep vein drainage of Le: thigh

A

popliteal vein enters thigh it is called femoral vein

deep vein of thigh is other main venous structure in the thigh

femoral vein leaves thigh by running underneath inguinal ligament, at which point, it is known as external iliac vein

politeal -> femorus -> external iliac

20
Q

Deep vein drainage of LE: gluteal reagion

A

drained by inferior and superior gluteal veins, empty into the internal iliac vein

21
Q

Superficial Venous drainage of LE: great saphenous vein

A

formed by doral venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of big toe

ascends the medial side of leg, passing anteriorly to the medial malleolus at the ankle and posteriorly to the medial condyle at the knee

as vein moves up leg, it receives tributaries from other superficial veins- great saphenous vein terminates by draining into the femoral vein immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament

-great saphenous vein can be harvestes and used as a vessel in coronary artery bypass

22
Q

Superficial venous drainage of the LE: small saphenous vein

A

formed by doral venous arch of foot, dorsal vein of the little toe.

moves up posterior side of led, passes posteriorly the lateral malleolus, along lateral border of the calcaneal tendon. moves between two heads of gastrocnemius muscle and empties into the politeal vein in popliteal fossa

23
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clott within deep veins of lower limbs, causing blockage of vessel

cause: veous stasis, hypercoaguability, endothelial injury

casues pain sweeling and tenderness of affected limbs

main complication of PE thrombus can become dislodged and travel into pulmonary circulation to prevent blood from returning to heart

24
Q

Genu valgum

A

angular deformity at knee where the the apex of the deformity points towards the midline

25
Q

Genu Valrum

A

is an angular deformity at the knee where the apex of the deformity point away from the midline

26
Q

Anterior Leg Muscles

movement (2)
components (2)
muscles (3)

A
  1. dorsiflexion/extension
  2. deep fibular nerve
    - anterior tibial artery
  3. muscles
    a. extensor digitorum longus
    b. extensor hallicus longus
    c. tibialis anterior
27
Q

Posterior Leg Muscles

movement (2)
components (4)

A

1) plantarflexion and flexion

2) tibial nerve
- popliteal artery, post tibular and fibular arties

3. muscles
DEEP
-flexor hallicus longus
-flexor digitorum longus
-tibialis posterior
SUPERFICIAL
-gastrocnemius
-soleus
28
Q

Lateral Leg Muscles

movement (2)
components (2)
muscles (2)

A
  1. evert foot and weakly plantarflex
  2. superficial fibular nerve
    - fibular artery
  3. muscles
    - fibularis longus
    - fibularis brevis
29
Q

Anterior muscles (3)

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor hallicus longus
  3. extensor digotrum longus
30
Q

Lateral Muscles (2)

A
  1. fibularis longus

2. fibuaris brevis

31
Q

Posterior muscles(5)

A

DEEP

  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. flexor hallicus longus
  3. flexor digitorum longus

SUPERFICIAL

  1. soleus
  2. gastrocnemius
32
Q

Cruciate ligaments

2 types

A

2 ligaments connect femur and tibia, cross each other

  1. ACL-anterior
  2. PCL-posterior
33
Q

Collateral ligaments

2 types

A
  1. act to stabilize the hinge motion of the know, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement
  2. LCL-lateral
  3. MCL-medial
34
Q

Extension Knee (1)

A
  1. quadriceps femoris

- I: tibial tuberosity

35
Q

Flexion Knee (4)

A
  1. hamstrings
  2. gracillis
  3. popliteus
  4. sartorius
36
Q

Lateral roation (1)

A
  1. biceps femoris when knee is flexed
37
Q

Medial rotation (5)

A
  1. semimebranosus
  2. semitendinosus
  3. gracilis
  4. sartorius
  5. popliteus
    * when knee is flexed
38
Q

Suprapatella bursa

A
  1. extension of synovial cavity of the knee

2. locate between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

39
Q

Prepatella bursa

A
  1. between apex of patella and skin
40
Q

Infrapatella bursa

A
  1. Deep bursa
    - lies between tibia and patella ligament
  2. superficial
    - lies between the patella ligament and the skin
41
Q

semimembranosus bursa

A
  1. posteriorly in the knee joint

2. between the semi membranous muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius

42
Q

Posterior tibial and fibular veins

A
  1. of the foot and leg

2. formed when plantar veins on foot combine

43
Q

Popliteal vein

comprised of what 3 veins?

A

posterior surface knee

anterior tibial + posterior tibial + fibular veins

Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

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