Lecture 3: Elbow and Forearm Flashcards
antecubital fossa
borders which 3 muscles
depression anterior to elbow
borders
- brachioradialis
- pronator teres muscle medially
- the floor is brachialis muscle
*median cubital vein runs through the fossa-often used for venipuncture or IV fluids
Bones of forearm (2)
- ulna
2. radius
ulna
describing points
blood supply
spans from elbow to wrist on the medial side
larger and longer (than radius)
olecranon process on proximal end that articulates with humerus
main blood supply originates from the ulnar artery or the ulnar recurrent artery
Radius
describing points
blood supply
movement
has 3 borders, three surface, and has a prismoid shape in which the base is broader than the anterior border.
lateral to ulna
blood supply primarily by the radial and radial recurrent arteries
radius pivots around the ulna to produce movement at the proximal and disral radio-ulnar joints
Forearm Flexors (4)
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
Origin
movement
innervation
- originiates from the medial epicondyle of humerus and attaches at the metacarpals II & III
- flexion and abduction at wrist
- innervated by median nerve
Palmaris longus muscle
origin
movement
innervation
- originates from the medial epiconyle of humerus, attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist
- flexion at wrist
- innervation by median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin
movement
innervation
- originates from the medial epicondyle of humerus and is attached to the pisiform carpal bone
- flexion and adduction at the wrist
- innervated by ulnar nerve
extensors of the forearm (10)
- extensor capri radialus (longus + brevis)
- extensor digitorum
- estensor digit minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- anconeus
- supinator
- abductor pollicius longus
- extensor pollicis longus + brevis
- extensor indicis
- brachioradialis
Extensors of forearm
function innervation
general function of all 10 muscles is to produce extension at the wrist and fingers
all innvervated by radial nerve
Median Nerve
Runs anterolaterally and innvervates the muscles resonsible for flexion of the wrist and the fingers (digits 1-3, and radial aspect of the 4th)
Radial nerve
extends posteriorly to the ulna and the radius
is the sole nerve involved in the muscles responsible for extension of the forearm, wrist, and fingers
Ulnar nerve
positioned more anteromedially, running in between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus, involved in flexion of the wrist and fingers (ulnar asptect of the 4th and all of the 5th)
also responsble for spanning fingers
axillary nerve
innervates teres minor and deltoid muscles for external rotation of the arm
musculocutaneous nerve
the source of motor innervation at the biceps brachii for flexion of arm
Elbow joint
type?
articulation?
hinge-type synnovial joint
two articulations:
- trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus
- head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus
Radioulnar joints (2)-ROM
- proximal radioulnar joint
- between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna - distal radioulnar joint: located near wrist and is an articulation between the ulnar notch and of the radius, and the ulnar head
- both joints pivot joints
- responsible for pronation and supination of forearm, extension and flexion
- see ligament of joint on 40
Pronation of forearm
muscles involved (2)
rotating forearm so that forearm is facing posteriorly.
produced by pronator quadratus and pronator teres
Supination of forearm muscles involved (2)
rotating the forearm so that the forearm is facing anteriorly
produced by the supinator and biceps bracii
Extension of forearm (2 muscles involved)
produced by triceps brachii and anconeus
flexion of forearm (3) -NOT WRIST*
brachialis, bicepts brachii, brachioradialis
Tennis elbow
AKA lateral epicondylitis
causes pain of the outside of the elbow
pain increases with wrist extension
*due to repitive stress with causes tearing, inflammation, and swelling
Golfer’s elbow
AKA medial epicondylitis
causes pain on the inside of the elbow
pain increases with wrist flexion
due to repetitive stress, tearing, inflammation, and swelling
olecranon bursitis
causes
symptoms
dx
tx
bursa fills with fluid causing pain and movement limitation
causes: trauma, prolonged pressure, infection
symptoms: swelling pain, redness, warmth
dx: XR, fluid analysis
tx: if not infectious include activity change, elbow pad, medicaions (NSAID)
