Lecture 3: Elbow and Forearm

Question 1

antecubital fossa

borders which 3 muscles

Answer 1

depression anterior to elbow

borders

1. brachioradialis
2. pronator teres muscle medially
3. the floor is brachialis muscle

*median cubital vein runs through the fossa-often used for venipuncture or IV fluids

Question 2

Bones of forearm (2)

Answer 2

1. ulna

2. radius

Question 3

ulna

describing points
blood supply

Answer 3

spans from elbow to wrist on the medial side

larger and longer (than radius)

olecranon process on proximal end that articulates with humerus

main blood supply originates from the ulnar artery or the ulnar recurrent artery

Question 4

Radius

describing points
blood supply
movement

Answer 4

has 3 borders, three surface, and has a prismoid shape in which the base is broader than the anterior border.

lateral to ulna

blood supply primarily by the radial and radial recurrent arteries

radius pivots around the ulna to produce movement at the proximal and disral radio-ulnar joints

Question 5

Forearm Flexors (4)

Answer 5

1. flexor carpi radialis
2. palmaris longus
3. flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 6

flexor carpi radialis

Origin
movement
innervation

Answer 6

• originiates from the medial epicondyle of humerus and attaches at the metacarpals II & III
• flexion and abduction at wrist
• innervated by median nerve

Question 7

Palmaris longus muscle

origin
movement
innervation

Answer 7

• originates from the medial epiconyle of humerus, attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist
• flexion at wrist
• innervation by median nerve

Question 8

flexor carpi ulnaris

origin
movement
innervation

Answer 8

• originates from the medial epicondyle of humerus and is attached to the pisiform carpal bone
• flexion and adduction at the wrist
• innervated by ulnar nerve

Question 9

extensors of the forearm (10)

Answer 9

1. extensor capri radialus (longus + brevis)
2. extensor digitorum
3. estensor digit minimi
4. extensor carpi ulnaris
5. anconeus
6. supinator
7. abductor pollicius longus
8. extensor pollicis longus + brevis
9. extensor indicis
10. brachioradialis

Question 10

Extensors of forearm

function
innervation

Answer 10

general function of all 10 muscles is to produce extension at the wrist and fingers

all innvervated by radial nerve

Question 11

Median Nerve

Answer 11

Runs anterolaterally and innvervates the muscles resonsible for flexion of the wrist and the fingers (digits 1-3, and radial aspect of the 4th)

Question 12

Radial nerve

Answer 12

extends posteriorly to the ulna and the radius

is the sole nerve involved in the muscles responsible for extension of the forearm, wrist, and fingers

Question 13

Ulnar nerve

Answer 13

positioned more anteromedially, running in between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus, involved in flexion of the wrist and fingers (ulnar asptect of the 4th and all of the 5th)

also responsble for spanning fingers

Question 14

axillary nerve

Answer 14

innervates teres minor and deltoid muscles for external rotation of the arm

Question 15

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 15

the source of motor innervation at the biceps brachii for flexion of arm

Question 16

Elbow joint

type?
articulation?

Answer 16

hinge-type synnovial joint

two articulations:

1. trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus
2. head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus

Question 17

Radioulnar joints (2)-ROM

Answer 17

1. proximal radioulnar joint
   - between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
2. distal radioulnar joint: located near wrist and is an articulation between the ulnar notch and of the radius, and the ulnar head

• both joints pivot joints
• responsible for pronation and supination of forearm, extension and flexion
• see ligament of joint on 40

Question 18

Pronation of forearm

muscles involved (2)

Answer 18

rotating forearm so that forearm is facing posteriorly.

produced by pronator quadratus and pronator teres

Question 19

Supination of forearm
muscles involved (2)

Answer 19

rotating the forearm so that the forearm is facing anteriorly

produced by the supinator and biceps bracii

Question 20

Extension of forearm (2 muscles involved)

Answer 20

produced by triceps brachii and anconeus

Question 21

flexion of forearm (3) -NOT WRIST*

Answer 21

brachialis, bicepts brachii, brachioradialis

Question 22

Tennis elbow

Answer 22

AKA lateral epicondylitis

causes pain of the outside of the elbow

pain increases with wrist extension

*due to repitive stress with causes tearing, inflammation, and swelling

Question 23

Golfer’s elbow

Answer 23

AKA medial epicondylitis

causes pain on the inside of the elbow

pain increases with wrist flexion

due to repetitive stress, tearing, inflammation, and swelling

Question 24

olecranon bursitis

causes
symptoms
dx
tx

Answer 24

bursa fills with fluid causing pain and movement limitation

causes: trauma, prolonged pressure, infection
symptoms: swelling pain, redness, warmth
dx: XR, fluid analysis
tx: if not infectious include activity change, elbow pad, medicaions (NSAID)