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Gross Anatomy > Lecture 7: Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Landmarks of Abdomen (6)

A
  1. Rectus Sheath
  2. Linea Alba
  3. Semilunar line
  4. Tendinous intersections
  5. Umbilicus
  6. Iliac crest
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2
Q

Rectus sheath

A

fascial sheath containing rectus abdominis muscle

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3
Q

Linea Alba

A

“white line”

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4
Q

Semmilunar line

A

lateral border of rectus abdominus muscle in rectus sheath

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5
Q

tendinous intersections

A

transverse skin grooves

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6
Q

iliac crest

A

about L4

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7
Q

RUQ components (6)

A
  1. liver
  2. gallbladder
  3. pylorus
  4. duodenum
  5. hepatic flexure of colon
  6. head of pancreas
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8
Q

LUQ components (5)

A
  1. spleen
  2. splenic flexure of colon
  3. stomach
  4. body and tail of pancreas
  5. transverse colon
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9
Q

LLQ components (3)

A
  1. sigmoid colon
  2. descending colon
  3. left ovary
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10
Q

RLQ components (4)

A
  1. cecum
  2. appendix
  3. ascending colon
  4. right ovary
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11
Q

Transumbilical plane

A

separates upper quadrants from lower quadrants

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12
Q

Anterolateral ABD wall muscles ** (5)

A
  1. external oblique
  2. internal oblique
  3. transverse abdominis
  4. rectus abdominis
  5. rectus sheath
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13
Q

External oblique **

3 movements

A

Anterolateral ABD wall muscles

  1. flexes trunk
  2. rotates trunk
  3. supports abdominal viscera
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14
Q

Internal Oblique **

3 movements

A

Anterolateral ABD wall muscles

  1. flexes trunk
  2. rotates trunk
  3. supports abdominal viscera
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15
Q

Transverse abdominis **

movement

A

anterolateral ABD wall muscle

  1. compresses and supports abdominal viscera
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16
Q

Rects abdominis**

movement (2)

A

anterolateral ABD wall muscle

  1. compresses abdominal viscera
  2. flexes trunk
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17
Q

Posterior abdominal wall muscles (4)**

A
  1. quadratics lumborum
  2. psoas major
  3. iliacus
  4. iliopsoas
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18
Q

Hernia

A
  1. profusion of peritoneal contents (mesentery, fat, and/or portion of bowel) through abdominal wall muscles
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19
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

usually seen up to age 3 and after age 40

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20
Q

inguinal region hernia

A
  1. Hesselbach’s triangle**
    A. medial border: rectus sheath
    B. lateral border: inf/ epigastric artery
    C. inferior border: inguinal ligament
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21
Q

Hessebach’s triangle **

boarders

A
  1. medial: rectus sheath
  2. Lateral: inferior epigastric artery
  3. Inferior: inguinal ligament
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22
Q

Direct Hernia (3)

A

Inguinal

  1. medial to inferior epigastric vessels
  2. acquired due to weakness later in life
  3. pass through Hesselbach’s triangle
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23
Q

Indirect Hernia (2)

A

Inguinal

  1. lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
  2. congenital due to weak processus vaginalis
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24
Q

Inguinal hernia classification

A

classified by relationship to inferior epigastric vessels

  1. direct
  2. indirect
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25
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity (7)***

A
  1. esophagus and stomach
    - greater and lesser momentum
  2. small instestine
  3. large intestine
  4. liver
  5. gallbladder
  6. pancreas
  7. spleen
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26
Q

Peritoneal cavity (2)

A
  1. parietal peritoneum

2. visceral peritoneum

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27
Q

Parietal peritoneum (2)

A
  1. lines abdominal wall sin double layer of peritoneum and mesentery
  2. localized afferent nerves of anterior rami of spinal nerves
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28
Q

Visceral peritoneum (2)

A
  1. surrounds organs
  2. poorly localized pain
    - referred pain from visceral afferent fibers sympathetic/parasympathetic
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29
Q

Esophagus (3)

A
  1. muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
  2. approx 8” long
  3. runs behind trachea and heart and in front of spine
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30
Q

Stomach Areas (6)

A
  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. body
  4. pylorus
  5. greater curvature
  6. Lesser curvature
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31
Q

Small intestine (4 components)

A
  1. connected stomach to large intestines
  2. 3 parts
    - duodenum
    - jejunum
    - ileum
  3. ligament of treitz
  4. jejunum and ileum suspended in mesentery
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32
Q

Ligament of Treitz

purpose

A

tethers duodenum ar duodenojejunal flexure

-suspensory muscle fo the duodenum

ligament of small intestine

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33
Q

Jejunum

5 components

A
  1. LUQ of abdomen
  2. larger in diameter (than ileum)
  3. thicker walls
  4. mesentery with less fat
  5. mucosal folds are higher and more numerous
    - increased surface area for absorption***
34
Q

Large intestine 2 components

A
  1. Teniae coli

2. Haustra

35
Q

Teniae Coli

description
function

A

part of large intestine

  • 3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that are visible on the cecum and colon’s surface
  • assist in peristalsis
36
Q

Haustra

A

part of large intestine

-sacculations of the colon created by the contracting teniae coli

37
Q

Appendix (2)

A
  1. end of cecum

2. no known function

38
Q

Appendicits and radiating pain (3)

A
  1. initially pain is felt by peri-umblical
  2. as appendix becomes more inflamed, it irritated the parietal peritoneum
  3. becomes localized in RLQ
39
Q

McBurney’s Point location

A

2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior supers iliac spine

-apendicitis

40
Q

Crohn’s Disease (4)

A
  1. inflammation seen anywhere from lips to anus
  2. s/sx: abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction
  3. on imaging: inflammation occurs in patches
    - skip lesions
  4. thick bowel wall with cobblestone appearance
41
Q

Ulcertive colitis (4)

A
  1. inflammation localized to colon only *
  2. s/sx: cause crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in stool
  3. inflammation is continuous
  4. thin bowel wall
42
Q

Liver (2 pts, 4 lobes)

A
  1. four lobes
    - right
    - left
    - caudate
    - quadrate
  2. anatomist consider caudate and quadrate as part of left lobe
43
Q

Falciform ligament

A

separates left and right lobes of liver

44
Q

Liver functions (7)

A
  1. removes potentially toxic byproducts of certain medications
  2. metabolizes or breaks down nutrients from food to produce energy when needed
  3. helps body fight infection, removes bacteria from the blood
  4. prevents shortages of nutrients by storing vitamins, minerals, and sugar
  5. produces most proteins needed by body
  6. produces bile, compound needed to digest fat and absorb vitamin A, D, E, K
  7. produces most of the substances that regulate blood clotting
45
Q

Gallbladder

A

beneath liver, joined via hepatic duct

46
Q

Pancreas (2, 4 parts)

A
  1. 4 parts
    - head in RUQ
    - Neck-anterior to aorta and IVC
    - body
    - tail- LUQ
  2. endocrine and exocrine functions
    - produces insulin
47
Q

Spleen (3 pts, 7 functions)

A
  1. size of a fist
  2. LUQ
3. functions
A. lymphocyte proliferation 
B. immunize surveillance and response
C. blood filtration 
D. destruction of old/damages RBCs & platelets
E. recycling of iron and globing 
F. recevoir for blood 
G. source of RBCs in fetal life
48
Q

Arteries of abdominal aorta *** (7)

A
  1. cephalic trunk
  2. anterior phrenic arteries
  3. adrenal arteries
  4. renal arteries
  5. gonadal arteries
  6. lumbar arteries
  7. common iliac arteries
49
Q

Cephalic trunk (3)**

A
  1. L gastric artery
  2. Splenic artery
  3. Common hepatic artery

T12*

50
Q

L gastric artery **

supplies (2)

A
  1. part of cephalic trunk

a. stomach
b. adjacent portion of esophagus

51
Q

Spleenic artery**

supplies (3)

A

Part of cephalic trunk

  1. spleen
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
52
Q

Common hepatic artery **

supplies (5)

A

Part of cephalic trunk

  1. liver
  2. stomach
  3. gallbladder
  4. duodenum
  5. pancreas
53
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery **

supplies (4)

A

branch of abdominal aorta

  1. pancreas
  2. small intestine
  3. appendix
  4. first 2/3 large intestine

L1*

54
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery**

Supplies (1)

A

branch of abdominal aorta

last third of large intestine

L3*

55
Q

Inferior phrenic arteries

supplies (2)

A

branch from abdominal aorta

  1. diaphragm
  2. inferior portion of esophagus
56
Q

Adrenal arteries

supply (1)

A

branch from abdominal aorta

adrenal glands

57
Q

Renal arteries

supply (1)

A

branch form abdominal aorta

kidneys

L renal @ L1*

58
Q

Gonadal arteries

supplies

A

branch from abdominal aorta

testes/ovaries

59
Q

Lumbar arteries

supplies (4)

A

branch from abdominal aorta

  1. vertebrae
  2. spinal cord
  3. abdominal wall
  4. lumbar region
60
Q

common iliac arteries

A

branch from abdominal aorta

61
Q

Bifourcation of abdominal aorta

A

L4*

62
Q

AAA

A
  1. bulge in artery wall
  2. etiology
    - FHx
    - HTN
    - artherslcerosis
    - breakdown of collagen and elating
  3. s/sx
    - abdominal pain
    - back pain
63
Q

Veins of abdomen (7)

A
  1. common iliac
  2. lumbar veins
  3. renal veins
  4. right testicular/ovarian vein
  5. right suprarenal vein
  6. inferior phrenic veins
  7. hepatic veins
64
Q

Common iliac vein

A

drain lower limbs and gluteal region

65
Q

lumbar veins

A

drain the posterior abdominal wall

66
Q

renal veins

A

drain kidneys, left adrenal gland and left testis/ovary

67
Q

Right testicular/R ovarian

A
  1. drain the right testes or ovary respectively in men and women
  2. left testicular/ovarian vein drains into left renal vein
68
Q

Right suprarenal vein

A

drains R adrenal gland and left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein

69
Q

inferior phrenic veins

A

drain the diaphragm

70
Q

hepatic veins

A

drain the liver

71
Q

Hepatic portal system**

A
  1. splenic vein
  2. superior mesenteric vein
  3. inferior mesenteric vein
  4. portal vein
72
Q

Splenic vein**

drains (3)

A

-part of hepatic portal

drains blood from spleen, stomach fundus, part of pancreas

73
Q

Superior Mesenteric vein **

drains (3)

A
  • Part of hepatic portal

- drains blood from small intestines, jejunum, and ileum

74
Q

inferior mesenteric vein **

drains (1)

A
  • part of hepatic portal

- drains blood from large intestines

75
Q

Portal vein**

drains (3)

A

-part of hepatic porta

drain blood from gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

76
Q

Sympathetic Abdominal innervation (2)

A
  1. thoracic splanchnic

2. lumbar splanchnic

77
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerve

A

sympathetic

  • to abdominal pervertebral ganglia
  • celiac and superior mesentery ganglia
78
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerve

A

sympathetic abdominal innervation

abdominal viscera

79
Q

Parasympathetic Abdominal innervation

A
  1. vagus

2. pelvic splanchnic

80
Q

vagus nerve

A

parasypathetic innvervation of abdomen

distal esophagus to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

81
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

A

parasympathetic innervation of abdomen

inferior hypogastric plexus

Gross Anatomy (14 decks)

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