Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF Year 1 > Lecture 9: Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What stores the genetic information?

What mediates the expression of genetic information?

A

DNA

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______________ sugar molecule + nitrogenous base

A

Nucleoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of sugar is in DNA vs RNA

A

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which are purine vs pyrimidines

A

Purines: A, G
Pyrimidines: C, U, T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 structural components of DNA and RNA

A

Phosphate backbone
Sugar
Nitrogenous Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______________:
Formed between the OH group on C3 of one sugar and the C5 on the next one. This bond linked the nucleotides together forming the backbone of RNA and DNA polymers

A

3-5 phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______________ formed between the nitrogenous bases and C1 of sugar

A

N glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In terns of DNA and RNA what groups are on the 5’ and 3’ end

A

5’: phosphate group
3’: hydroxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the backbone of DNA _____________
How are bases bound to one another?

A

2 deoxyribose phosphate backbone

N bases bound to one another by hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of double helix

A

-Right handed (A and B form)
-Left handed (Z form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule for double stranded DNA molecules

A

t-a and c-g
%A=%T, %G=%C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you remove RNA from a DNA solution?

A

add an alkaline solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you separate nucleotides?

A

heating the DNA solution

GC have a higher melting point then AT as a result of an addition hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In terms of chromatin:
Which one is active? and Which one in inactive?

A

Euchromatin: related, transcriptionally active

Heterochromaton: highly condensed inaccessible for transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are chromosomes visible

A

only during metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All cells within an organism have the same DNA but different ______________ which determines tissue specific function

A

chromatin structure

17
Q

Modification:
_________________ of the DNA
_________________ of the Histones

A

Methylation
Acetylation

18
Q

What are some characteristics of mitochondrial DNA

A

✓ Circular, double-stranded
✓ Contains ~17kb
✓ Encodes its own proteins
✓ Contains very few untranslated
sequences
✓ Genetic code differs slightly from the
standard code
✓ High mutation rate
✓ Used to provide evidence for the
evolutionary origins of species

19
Q

What are some characteristics of RNA structure?

A

✓ Single-stranded linear molecule
✓ 5’→3’ direction
✓ Uracil instead of Thymine
✓ Can fold back on themselves forming
intramolecular double-stranded
regions known as hairpins

20
Q

What is the function of mRNA

A

carries genetic information from DNA to the DNA to the Ribosomes for use in protein synthesis

21
Q

What is the function of tRNA

A

Present amino acids AA to the ribosomes for synthesis of the polypeptide chain

22
Q

What is the function of rRNA

A

together with the ribosomal proteins form the ribosomal subunits

23
Q

mRNA is the most diverse group in length and base sequence. What are 3 common modifications of mRNA?

A

-5’ Cap and 3’ poly A Tail
-Splicing of introns
-5’ and 3’ UTRs

24
Q

What type of RNA has a high percentage of unusual bases

A

tRNA

25
Q

What are some facts about rRNA

A

-80% of all RNAs
-Four different sizes in eukaryotic cells.
-Produced from larger precursors in the
nucleolus and modified subsequently:

26
Q

What is the function of nuclease?

A

participate in the processing of rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA

27
Q

What is the function of peptide transferase?

A

part of the large ribosomal subunit catalyze the condensation of amino acids to form polypeptides

28
Q

What is the function of a ribozyme?

A

catalytic activity

29
Q

What are some non coding RNAs

A

Small nuclear RNA they participate in the formation of spliceosomes, mediate splicing and removal of introns, transposons silencing, directing chromatin, modifications

30
Q

___________ participate in the formation of spliceosomes and mediate splicing and removal of introns

A

snRNA’s

31
Q

______________ participate in the processing of rRNA guiding chemical modifications of nucleotides

A

snoRNAs

32
Q

__________ transposon silencing, directing chromatin modifications (role in epigenetic)

A

piRNA’s

SF Year 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions