Lecture 6: lipids Flashcards
_________ is the backbone of lipids
Glycerol
What happens to a fatty acid at ph around 7.4
it is deprotonated
Ex: palmitic acid –> palmitate
Fatty acids are naturally in what formation
Cis
How do you calculate omega
Count the number of carbon atoms from the methyl end (last carbon in the chain) to the first carbon of the double bond
You subtract the total carbons from the location of the last double bond
What are the two essential fatty acids we discussed in this course
Linoleic acid
α-Linolenic acid
_________________: a rare condition that can result in a dry, scaly dermatitis as a result of an inability to synthesize molecules that provide the water barrier in skin
Essential fatty acid EFA
What is the function of triacyl glycerol
Storage and energy, major macronutrient
Describe the amphipathic properties of the glercerophospholipids
Structures that have the same affinity aggregate with the hydrophilic heads on the outside. They form round droplets
Functions of glycerophospholipids
Functions:
✓ Structural components of:
‣ cellular membranes
‣ lipoproteins
‣ pulmonary surfactant
‣ bile
‣ etc.
✓ Precursors for second messengers:
‣ PIP3 and PIP4
‣ Diacylglycerol (DAG)
Functions of sphingolipids
Functions:
✓ Structural - components of cellular membranes and lipoproteins
✓ Signaling - precursors for second messengers
Glycosphingolipids:
‣regulation of cellular
interactions
‣growth and development
‣antigenic properties – cell
surface receptors for cholera
and toxin, viruses, microbes
________ organic compound with four fused rings arranged in a specific configuration. ABCD ring system,
Steroid
The four fused rings is called the steroid nucleus
What function group on a free cholesterol? What about a cholesterol ester?
Free: OH
Ester: fatty acid
________ a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at position 3 of a Ring
sterols
What are some functions of cholesterol
Functions:
1.Structural component of:
‣ Animal cell membranes (~ 30%) - maintains fluidity and
integrity, and facilitates cell signaling
‣ Lipoproteins - plasma lipid transport
2.Precursor for the synthesis of:
‣ Bile acids and bile salts
‣ Steroid hormones - estrogen, testosterone, corticosteroids
‣ Vitamin D
Explain of cholesterol is connected to gall stones
Excess cholesterol and reduce bile salt can lead to gall stones
