Lecture 9: Malignant blood disorders Flashcards
General causes of lymph node enlargement?
- reactive (viral or bacterial)
- malignant
What is lymphocytosis? Causes?
-Increase in lymphocytes
Causes:
-Reactive; viral infections e.g infective mononucleosis
-Malignant e.g chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
What are the two categories of polycythaemia?
Relative and absolute
Absolute polycythaemia can be primary due to ____ or secondary due to ____
Primary - myeloproliferative neoplasm
Secondary - hypoxia
What is a potential consequence of radiotherapy for blood cancers?
Later development of solid tumours
AML is more prevalent in adults/children whereas ALL is more prevalent in adults/children
AML - adults
ALL - paediatric
The philadelphia chromosome is a characteristic feature of which leukaemia?
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)
What are the clinical features of leukaemia due to bone marrow failure?
- Anaemia
- Neutropenia (infection, wounds slow to heal)
- Thrombocytopenia (bruising and bleeding)
What are the three components of management for leukaemia?
- General/supportive care
- Chemotherapy
- HSC transplantation
How do you manage bone marrow failure in leukaemia?
- Anaemia: RBC transfusion
- Bleeding: platelets
- Infection: antibiotics
What are the stages of chemotherapy for leukaemia?
- Induction therapy (induce remission)
- Consolidation (mop up residual cells)
- Maintenance therapy (ALL) - keep patients in remission
Which drug is used as targeted therapy for patients with CML?
Imatinib
