Lecture 9 - Cytoplasm Amd Organelles Flashcards
Cytoplasm
All cellular material that is located between plasma membrane and the nucleus
Organelles
Metabolic machinery structures of a cell, with a specialized function
Membranous organelles
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Non membranous organelles
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Series of flexible protein rods in cytosol, supporting cellular structures and aiding in movement
Microvilli
Finger like extensions that INCREASE surface area
Intermediate filaments
Made of tetramer fibrils woven together
Help cells resist pulling forces
Microtubules
Hollow tubes made of tubulin
Determine overall shape of cell
Centrosome
Region near nucleus that organized microtubules and the mitosis spindle during cell division
Centrioles
Small,barrel shaped organelles associated with centrosome
Forms bases of cilia and flagella
Pericentriolar matrix
Surrounds centrioles
Contains hundreds of ring shaped complexes composed of protein tubulin
Cilia
Whiplike motile extensions on some cells surfaces
Work together in sweeping motion to move substances
Ex. Respiratory, mucous
Flagella
Longer extensions that propel whole cell
Ex. Tail of sperm
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes - floating with cytoplasm
Membrane bound - attached to rough ER
Endomembrane system
Consists of:
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicles
Lysosomes
Nuclear membrane
Plasma membrane
Work to : produce, degrade, store and export biological molecules degrade potentially harmful things .
Rough ER
Has ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted from cells
Smooth ER
Continuation of rough ER
Enzymes catalyze reactions
Golgi apparatus
Series of stacked, flattened, membranous sacs
Function:
modify,concentrate and package proteins
Creates vesicles for export
Packages digestive enzymes into lysosomes
Golgi apparatus vesicles
Secretory vesicles : Contains proteins to be used outside of cell, fused with plasma membrane and exocytose their contents
Membrane vesicles: Contains lipids or transmembrane proteins fuse with plasma membrane, insert contents directly into destination membrane
Transport vesicles: Become lysosomes, contains digestive enzymes and remain on cell, holds contents until needed
Lysosomes
Contains enzymes to digest particles
Peroxisomes
Contains enzymes to oxidize and detoxify substances
Ubiquitin
Little protein tag that signals molecule should be destroyed
Sends molecule to proteasome
Proteasomes
Destroy unneeded proteins by cutting long proteins into smaller peptides
Mitochondria
Produce most of a cells ATP
contain own DNA and RNA and ribosomes
Resemble bacteria
