Lecture 9 - Cytoplasm Amd Organelles

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

All cellular material that is located between plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Metabolic machinery structures of a cell, with a specialized function

Question 3

Membranous organelles

Answer 3

Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes

Question 4

Non membranous organelles

Answer 4

Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Series of flexible protein rods in cytosol, supporting cellular structures and aiding in movement

Question 6

Microvilli

Answer 6

Finger like extensions that INCREASE surface area

Question 7

Intermediate filaments

Answer 7

Made of tetramer fibrils woven together
Help cells resist pulling forces

Question 8

Microtubules

Answer 8

Hollow tubes made of tubulin
Determine overall shape of cell

Question 9

Centrosome

Answer 9

Region near nucleus that organized microtubules and the mitosis spindle during cell division

Question 10

Centrioles

Answer 10

Small,barrel shaped organelles associated with centrosome
Forms bases of cilia and flagella

Question 11

Pericentriolar matrix

Answer 11

Surrounds centrioles
Contains hundreds of ring shaped complexes composed of protein tubulin

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

Whiplike motile extensions on some cells surfaces
Work together in sweeping motion to move substances
Ex. Respiratory, mucous

Question 13

Flagella

Answer 13

Longer extensions that propel whole cell
Ex. Tail of sperm

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Site of protein synthesis

Free ribosomes - floating with cytoplasm
Membrane bound - attached to rough ER

Question 15

Endomembrane system

Answer 15

Consists of:
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicles
Lysosomes
Nuclear membrane
Plasma membrane

Work to : produce, degrade, store and export biological molecules degrade potentially harmful things .

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

Has ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted from cells

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

Continuation of rough ER
Enzymes catalyze reactions

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Series of stacked, flattened, membranous sacs

Function:
modify,concentrate and package proteins
Creates vesicles for export
Packages digestive enzymes into lysosomes

Question 19

Golgi apparatus vesicles

Answer 19

Secretory vesicles : Contains proteins to be used outside of cell, fused with plasma membrane and exocytose their contents

Membrane vesicles: Contains lipids or transmembrane proteins fuse with plasma membrane, insert contents directly into destination membrane

Transport vesicles: Become lysosomes, contains digestive enzymes and remain on cell, holds contents until needed

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Contains enzymes to digest particles

Question 21

Peroxisomes

Answer 21

Contains enzymes to oxidize and detoxify substances

Question 22

Ubiquitin

Answer 22

Little protein tag that signals molecule should be destroyed

Sends molecule to proteasome

Question 23

Proteasomes

Answer 23

Destroy unneeded proteins by cutting long proteins into smaller peptides

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Produce most of a cells ATP
contain own DNA and RNA and ribosomes
Resemble bacteria