*****Lecture 9 - Clinical disorders of the self Flashcards

Question

What is the causes of alien hand syndrom?

Answer 1

Tumour, stroke, surgery

Answer 2

No current treatment | - could be short live or last years

Answer 3

Dissociative Fugue - temporary extreme dissociation, to the point of memory loss and irregular behaviour Automatisim - act done by body without control Dissociative identity disorder - inconsistences in behaviour that occur in sets of indentities, including sudden transition to new identies (split personalities) All involve detachment from current self/ lived experience

Answer 4

A feeling of detachment from present self - emotional and physical - Lessened attention or sensation/ awareness of simtuli If it lasts ages, becomes a disorder

Answer 5

- feeling that you are not real - experiences happening as it to someone else (3rd Person) If it lasts ages, becomes a disorder

Answer 6

- Feeling everyone else in the world is not real | If it lasts ages, becomes a disorder

Answer 7

temporary extreme dissociation, to the point of memory loss and irregular behaviour

Answer 8

- unexpected depature from work/ home/ normal behaviour - Typically involves wandering off - No memory of behaviour during it – don’t know why they left - confusion of ID during fugue - non-typical behaviour

Answer 9

- unclear pattern of occurance - no clear relation to age, sex - may be caused by trauma, alcohol, extreme stress

Answer 10

Problems: - unpredictable - Damaging to social relationships – trust issues – concerns with faking Agatha christie famously suffered this, wandered 100 miles from home

Answer 11

act done by body without control or intent of mind (had no idea what was going on) - not self-induced - cant foresee actions or consequences of actions Includes spasms, reflexes, convulsions, sleep walking Can be used as a legal defence

Answer 12

tomatic activation of nervous system whil sleeping (parts of brain are awake but youre asleep) Includes - Bruxism (grinding jaw), bed wetting, sleep eating/ talking - sleep walking – appear awake - Sleep terro – extreme emotional arousal whilst asleep - sexsomnia – having sex when asleep

Answer 13

inconsistences in behaviour that occur in sets of identities, including sudden transition to new identities

Answer 14

- very young (mean = 9) - Highly associated with childhood trauma – dissociate to avoid dealing with the stress of that, to protect self and cope

Answer 15

Symptoms - feeling of being deifferent people at different times – using ‘we’ not ‘i’ - Each ID has own memories and control, others ‘alters’ have no control or memories - Different ID’s may have differnet voices, genders, beliefs, postures, handwriting, abilities Host = neutral shell of a person with original identity as one of your

Answer 16

- induced by therapy – when being treated for something else? - Autohypnosis – when faced with threat we self-hypnotise - unclear evidence (Kong et al, 2008) - concerns about legal culpability - Media portrayal – faking it

Answer 17

– asked p’s with DID to remember word lists, then showed them emotional images, causing them to change ID to an alter, then asked to recall them, theoretically they souldnt be able to, but they could

Answer 18

- Difficult to complete, due to alters - Hyponisis - CBT - Talk therapy - SSRI’s

Answer 19

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Answer 20

disorders where ones belief and behaviours cause problems for self and others Long term, chronic, conditions – no cures, just treatments to reduce symptoms Supposedlly central to persons self/identity - Pds about who they are, not what they do (as for other disorders) - But this suggests its unable to be changed/ treated Highly stigmatised disorders - moost poorly portrayed in media - seen as problem with the person, not the ilness

Answer 21

difficulties with impulse control, fear of abandonment, unstable sense of ID and frequent mood swings

Answer 22

- unstable relationships (I hate you then don’t leave me) - Impulsive and risky behaviour - Dangerous activities - Subtance abuse - Impulse spending, eating - upreditable & changing mood – regulation is difficult (and have to deal with consequences) - intense feelings can lead to outbursts/aggression

Answer 23

- 1-2% of population - Frequent suicidal & harming behaviours lead to frequent hospitalisation – 20% of psychiatric patients - Suicide rate up to 50X higher than general population – 10% may commit suicide - Late teens, early 20s - Abuse or trauma in childhood common - Much more likely to have BPD if 1st degree relative does as well

Answer 24

Affective domain 1) Intense displays of anger, difficulty self-regulating anger 2) Chronic feelings of emptiness – constant feeling that you don’t have an ID 3) Extreme, frequent mood swings Cognitive domain 4) Dissociation and/ or paranoid ideation 5) ID instability – no coherent self over time, one person then another Behavioural domain 6) Recurrent suicidal behaviour, attempts or threats – self harm to deal with distress 7) Impulsive activities - includes impulse spending/ risky behaviours (drugs/ alcohol) Relatoinship domain 8) Fear of abandonment – emptiness + mood swings make you feel unstable – need someone else to provide stability. Or a constant fear of people dying 9) Unstable relatoinships – swinging btween idealising or criticisin partner

Answer 25

Highly reactive amygdala and ACC (Herpetx et al. 2001) - Other studies report low activity in ACC – p’s should be experiencing pain but arent Possible lower volume of brain matter in ACC & other areas (Hazlett et al., 2005) - Problem is worse for those who are suicidal Hyperactive HPA (Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) - increased production of stress hormones

Answer 26

Extreme emotional difficulties - unpredictable & extreme mood swings make everyday life difficult - Exhausting emotional experiences from minor events Can also have empathetic difficulties Interpersonal relationships - Difficulty maintaing relationships - Intensity of emotion is overwhelming for self and partner - Scared of being alone so beg people not to leave them Stigma - even self-help books label BPD in a negative way - Women gone mad - Self-harm scars cause discomfort

Answer 27

- Invented by Marsha Linehan - created it for her own BPD - Like CBT – p’s practice skills to overcome maladaptaive behaviours + thought patterns 4 components/ skills needed to learn - mindfulness - Crisis management – manage extreme emotion (not self harm) - Emotion regulation – preventing emotional climax - Interpersonal effectiveness – Practice other healthy behaviours √ - most effective therapy X – hard to implement – training of staff and lots of time

Answer 28

DBT Mentalisation based therapy - training to pay attention to emotional states and not act reactively Mindfulness therapy - be aware of emotion and bodily reactions at all times - acceptance of current state Talk therapy - Difficulties due to stigma from doctors - Difficulties due to inconsistent sense of self – the person being treated changes Medication - Not great – very temporary - which one to choose? One for depression? One for hyperactivity?

Answer 29

- lack of trust - Associated with negative traits - Self-stigma, people assume this about themselves - Impact on employement - incable/ create problems - Impact on relatinoships (stress out family) - inability to discolse it to anyone