Lecture 9- Biological Resourse Use

Question 1

What is biological resource use recognised as by the IUCN?

Answer 1

The highest class of threat affecting mammals

Question 2

Biological use is stated to be a factor in the status of how many species?

Answer 2

819 threatened species

1920 species overall

Question 3

What are the lethal consumptive uses of biological resource use?

Answer 3

As food for humans (bushmeat)
As food for other species (for farms)
Medicines
Skins
Commodities
Trophy hunting

Question 4

What are the lethal non-consumptive uses of biological resource use?

Answer 4

Pest control

Misguided beliefs

Question 5

What are the non-lethal consumptive uses of biological resource use?

Answer 5

Pet trade
Zoological collections
Research labs

Question 6

Why is hunting such a problem?

Answer 6

Human population growth
Poverty
Geography
Civil unrest
Political corruption
Crime
Standard of living
Culture
Economic issues -market size has changed
                             -rarity-cost relationship
                              -bank pay interest
                             - human behaviour
More efficient means
Biological aspects

Question 7

What is harvesting?

Answer 7

Extraction of wildlife resources for human gain

Question 8

What is bushmeat?

Answer 8

Dietary protein not derived from livestock or fish

Question 9

How big is the demand for bushmeat (Fa and Peres (2001))

Answer 9

Amazon extract rate - 40kg/year

Congo extract rate - 5254kg/year

Question 10

Other factors associated with the bushmeat trade?

Answer 10

1) public health
2) ecosystem effects
3) competition

Question 11

Removal of bushmeat trade would lead to social issues such as?

Answer 11

Starvation
Ill health
Poverty

Question 12

Management of the bushmeat trade?

Answer 12

Reduced population growth
Reduction in levels of poverty
Education
Effective legal enforcement
Switch from wild meat to other forms of protein
Harvesting of more sustainable species
Accurate record keeping

Question 13

What is trophy hunting?

Answer 13

Selective removal of targeted individuals for sport

Question 14

3 measures which indicate trophy huntings importance?

Answer 14

1) Area covered
2) Contribution to population mortality
3) Revenue generated

Question 15

Trophy hunting- Area covered:

Answer 15

Lindsey et al (2007): sub-Saharan Africa

Area is 22% greater than area covered by national parks

Question 16

Trophy hunting- contribution to total mortality:

Answer 16

Collins and Kay (2011): radio collared animals to assess size of manmade mortality in US
Packer et al (2011): trends of hunted and non-hunted lion populations in Tanzania

Question 17

Effects of trophy hunting?

Answer 17

Coltman et al (2003) Bighorn sheep: reverse evolution in hornsize/mass
Selective hunting of colour morphs in red fox
Increased infanticide by male brown bears
Loss of genetic variation in Sika deer and artic fox