Lecture 4a- Social Organisation Flashcards
Poole (1985) criterea for classifying mammalian social systems? (4)
1) Spacial distribution of males and females relative to one another
2) Presence/Absence of territoriality
3) Presence/Absence of amicable associations between individuals
4) Patterns of mating and reproductive output
3 different types of solitary social system?
Inter- sexual territory
Intra- sexual territory
Non-territorial
Example of inter- sexual territory?
Short-tailed shrew
Example of intra- sexual territory?
Stoat
Example of non- territorial?
Virginia Opossum
Most mammals are..
Solitary
What is social monogamy?
Where one male spatially associated with one female
What is genetic monogamy?
Where one male sires all offspring of one female
What are the three types of monogamous social systems in mammals?
Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3
What is a grade 1 monogamous society?
Male and female defend a common territory
Young driven out after weaning
Example of a grade 1 monogamous species?
Klipspringer
What is a grade 2 monogamous society?
Male and female defend a common territory
Young not driven out after weaning
Example of a grade 2 monogamous species?
Beaver
What is a grade 3 monogamous society?
Multi female and multi male group
Single pair breed
Example of a grade 3 monogamous species?
Grey wolf
What is a harem?
One male monopolises a group of females
What is a dispersed harem?
One males range encompasses home range of several females
Exclusive mating rights
Example of species with dispersed harem?
Bushbabies
What is a rookery?
Females attracted to restricted areas specially for breeding
Male defends group of females
Example of species with rookery
Fur seals
What is a temporary mobile harem?
Male defends mobile group of females
Females only in group for part of the year
Example of species with temporary mobile harem
Red deer
Two types of permanent mobile harem?
Non-female bonded harem
Female bonded harem
What is a non-female bonded harem?
Females leave their natal units and are attracted to a male who may or may not already have a harem
Example of a non-female bonded harem?
Hamadryas baboon
Example of a female-bonded harem?
Common lagur
What are the 6 types of multi-male, multi-female groups?
a) COLONY e.g. black tailed prairie dog
b) HERD e.g. African buffalo
c) FEMALE-BONDED SOCIETY e.g. macaques
d) NON-FEMALE BONDED SOCIETY e.g. chimpanzees
e) PRIDE e.g. lions
f) NOMADIC MALES e.g. brown hyaenas
What is a territorial male: sociable female society?
Breeding males territory
Groups of females home ranges overlap those of males
Example of a territorial male; sociable female society?
White rhino
What is a lek society?
Small territories to display to female
Example of lek society?
Uganda kob
What is a male spaced: sociable female society?
Breeding females non-territorial and mobile
Group of females have home ranges overlapping those of males
What is an example of a male spaced: sociable female society?
Savannah elephant
What is a eusocial society?
Multi-female, multi-female group
Different castes, Queen is only breeding female
Example of a eusocial society?
Naked mole rats
What is a ephermeral aggregates?
Multi-male, multi-female group
Groups constantly changing in size and composition
What is an example of a ephermeral aggregates society?
Giraffes
