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PSIO - Integrated Physiology > Lecture 9 and 10: Metabolism and Energy Balance > Flashcards

Lecture 9 and 10: Metabolism and Energy Balance Flashcards

1
Q

How much ATP is stored under normal resting conditions?

a. 45 - 160 g
b. 80 - 120 g
c. 20 - 70 g
d. 80 - 100 g

A

d. 80 - 100 g

about 2.4 - 8 mmol ATP per kg wet muscle

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2
Q

Endogenous ATP can power several seconds of explosive all-out exercise: true/false?

A

TRUE

Endogenous ATP CAN power several seconds of explosive all-out exercise

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3
Q

An ATP production pathway with more enzymes will take _______ to make maximal contribution:

a. more time
b. less time

A

a. more time

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4
Q

Endogenous ATP can sustain prolonged exercise: true/false?

A

FALSE

Endogenous ATP can NOT sustain prolonged exercise

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5
Q

How many pathway enzymes are involved in Endogenous ATP production?

A

0

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6
Q

Which ATP production pathway utilizes 11 pathway enzymes?

A

Glycolysis-lactate (anaerobic)

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7
Q

List the four ATP production pathways.

A

Endogenous ATP
Phosphagen
Anaerobic (Glycolysis-lactate)
Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.)

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8
Q

How many pathway enzymes are involved in phosphagen ATP production?

A

2

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9
Q

How many pathway enzymes are involved in Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.) ATP production?

A

27

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10
Q

How many pathway enzymes are involved in Endogenous ATP production?

A

0

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11
Q

List the four ATP production pathways.

A

Endogenous ATP
Phosphagen
Anaerobic (Glycolysis-lactate
Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.)

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12
Q

What is the phosphagen system?

A

An immediate energy system. It is non-oxidative, anaerobic energy.
ATP is regenerated by transferring a phosphate group.
The Creatine-Kinase Reaction (CrP)
Adenylate Kinase Reaction

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the Creatine Kinase Reaction?

a. Two seperate reactions coupled together
b. The resynthesis of ATP by transferring a phosphate from Creatine phosphate to ADP
c. It follows the Adenylate Kinase reaction
d. It delays acidosis by consuming a H+

A

c. It follows the Adenylate Kinase reaction

The creatine kinase reaction precedes the adenylate kinase reaction.

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14
Q

What is the Adenylate Kinase Reaction?

A

ATP is regenerated by transferring a phosphate group from one ADP to another ADP to form ATP and AMP.

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15
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

A biochemical pathway that splits glucose into two pyruvates and generating ATP.

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16
Q

Where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?

a. In the mitochondria
b. In the cytosol
c. In the cytoplasm
d. In RBCs

A

b. In the cytosol

intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix - the liquid found inside cells

17
Q

Lactate is produced by which ATP production pathway?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis (or rapid glycolysis)

18
Q

Define gluconeogenesis.

A

Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. It occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys.

19
Q

Which of the following is used for gluconeogenesis?

a. Pyruvate
b. Lactate
c. Glucose
d. Glycate
e. Amino acids
f. Glycerol

A

b. Lactate
e. Amino acids
f. Glycerol

20
Q

What is the Cori Cycle?

a. The oxidation of pyruvate
b. An inter-tissue lactate-glucose metabolic pathway
c. The glucose-alanine shuttle
d. The recycling of lactate in the liver

A

b. An inter-tissue lactate-glucose metabolic pathway

21
Q

What is Ketogenesis?

A

Ketone bodies are used as
glucose replacement fuel
source. It occurs in the mitochondria of liver cells when glycogen & glucose reserves have been exhausted.

22
Q

What is the sympathoadrenal system?

A

The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection
between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal
medulla and is crucial in an organism’s physiological response to
outside stimuli (e.g. exercise).

23
Q

What is Glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen breakdown (for energy); catabolic pathway

24
Q

Define Glycogenesis.

A

glycogen synthesis; anabolic pathway Occurs at rest, or when glycogen reserves are depleted.

25
Q

Fed-state metabolism is under the influence of ______, which promotes
_______ ______

A

Fed-state metabolism is under the influence of INSULIN which promotes
glucose metabolism.

26
Q

Fasted-state metabolism is under the influence of ________, which promotes
________ & ______ in the _______ to _______ blood glucose levels.

A

Fasted-state metabolism is under the influence of GLUCAGON which promotes
glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis in the liver to restore blood glucose levels.

27
Q

The hormone ______ increases as exercise intensity increases?

A

noradrenaline

PSIO - Integrated Physiology (8 decks)

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