Lecture 9 and 10: Metabolism and Energy Balance Flashcards
How much ATP is stored under normal resting conditions?
a. 45 - 160 g
b. 80 - 120 g
c. 20 - 70 g
d. 80 - 100 g
d. 80 - 100 g
about 2.4 - 8 mmol ATP per kg wet muscle
Endogenous ATP can power several seconds of explosive all-out exercise: true/false?
TRUE
Endogenous ATP CAN power several seconds of explosive all-out exercise
An ATP production pathway with more enzymes will take _______ to make maximal contribution:
a. more time
b. less time
a. more time
Endogenous ATP can sustain prolonged exercise: true/false?
FALSE
Endogenous ATP can NOT sustain prolonged exercise
How many pathway enzymes are involved in Endogenous ATP production?
0
Which ATP production pathway utilizes 11 pathway enzymes?
Glycolysis-lactate (anaerobic)
List the four ATP production pathways.
Endogenous ATP
Phosphagen
Anaerobic (Glycolysis-lactate)
Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.)
How many pathway enzymes are involved in phosphagen ATP production?
2
How many pathway enzymes are involved in Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.) ATP production?
27
How many pathway enzymes are involved in Endogenous ATP production?
0
List the four ATP production pathways.
Endogenous ATP
Phosphagen
Anaerobic (Glycolysis-lactate
Aerobic (glycolysis, TCA, etc.)
What is the phosphagen system?
An immediate energy system. It is non-oxidative, anaerobic energy.
ATP is regenerated by transferring a phosphate group.
The Creatine-Kinase Reaction (CrP)
Adenylate Kinase Reaction
Which of the following is NOT true of the Creatine Kinase Reaction?
a. Two seperate reactions coupled together
b. The resynthesis of ATP by transferring a phosphate from Creatine phosphate to ADP
c. It follows the Adenylate Kinase reaction
d. It delays acidosis by consuming a H+
c. It follows the Adenylate Kinase reaction
The creatine kinase reaction precedes the adenylate kinase reaction.
What is the Adenylate Kinase Reaction?
ATP is regenerated by transferring a phosphate group from one ADP to another ADP to form ATP and AMP.
What is glycolysis?
A biochemical pathway that splits glucose into two pyruvates and generating ATP.
Where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?
a. In the mitochondria
b. In the cytosol
c. In the cytoplasm
d. In RBCs
b. In the cytosol
intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix - the liquid found inside cells
Lactate is produced by which ATP production pathway?
Anaerobic glycolysis (or rapid glycolysis)
Define gluconeogenesis.
Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. It occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys.
Which of the following is used for gluconeogenesis?
a. Pyruvate
b. Lactate
c. Glucose
d. Glycate
e. Amino acids
f. Glycerol
b. Lactate
e. Amino acids
f. Glycerol
What is the Cori Cycle?
a. The oxidation of pyruvate
b. An inter-tissue lactate-glucose metabolic pathway
c. The glucose-alanine shuttle
d. The recycling of lactate in the liver
b. An inter-tissue lactate-glucose metabolic pathway
What is Ketogenesis?
Ketone bodies are used as
glucose replacement fuel
source. It occurs in the mitochondria of liver cells when glycogen & glucose reserves have been exhausted.
What is the sympathoadrenal system?
The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection
between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal
medulla and is crucial in an organism’s physiological response to
outside stimuli (e.g. exercise).
What is Glycogenolysis?
glycogen breakdown (for energy); catabolic pathway
Define Glycogenesis.
glycogen synthesis; anabolic pathway Occurs at rest, or when glycogen reserves are depleted.
Fed-state metabolism is under the influence of ______, which promotes
_______ ______
Fed-state metabolism is under the influence of INSULIN which promotes
glucose metabolism.
Fasted-state metabolism is under the influence of ________, which promotes
________ & ______ in the _______ to _______ blood glucose levels.
Fasted-state metabolism is under the influence of GLUCAGON which promotes
glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis in the liver to restore blood glucose levels.
The hormone ______ increases as exercise intensity increases?
noradrenaline
