Lecture 7 and 8: Haemoglobin, Protein Structure and Gas Transport

Question 1

List the levels of protein structure.

Answer 1

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 2

What is deoxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 2

Tense (T) state.
Hb
Reduced haemoglobin

Question 3

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 3

Haemoglobin that is bound with O2.
Relaxed (R) state
Hb(O2)4

Question 4

List the structural features that make haemoglobin well suited to transporting O2 and CO2.

Answer 4

• Can vary its affinity for binding O2

- Cooperative binding

Question 5

How is O2 transported in the blood?

Answer 5

1. 5% dissolved in the plasma

98. 5% bound to haem groups of Hb in RBCs

Question 6

How is CO2 transported in the blood?

Answer 6

As HCO3- (bicarbonate) (70%)
Carbamino compounds combined with proteins (20 - 23%)
Dissolved in plasma (7 - 10%)

Question 7

What is cyanosis?

Answer 7

A decrease in blood saturation O2 levels. Poisoning can cause.

Question 8

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 8

Haemoglobin’s affinity for O2 decreases in the presence of low pH (acidic) or high CO2 conditions. This causes an increase O2 delivery to tissues with those conditions.

Question 9

Decreasing pH will __________ haemoglobin’s affinity for O2.

a. decrease
b. increase
c. have no effect on

Answer 9

a. decrease

Question 10

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 10

The CO2 content of deoxgenated blood is greater than oxygenated blood.
Therefore, when blood releases O2 (becomes deoxygenated), it can take up more CO2.

Question 11

Decreasing CO2 concentrations will __________ haemoglobin’s affinity for O2.

a. decrease
b. increase
c. have no effect on

Answer 11

b. increase

Question 12

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 12

Haemoglobin’s affinity for O2 decreases in the presence of low pH (acidic) or high CO2 conditions. This causes an increase O2 delivery to tissues with those conditions.
Facilitates O2 delivery to tissue.

Question 13

Decreasing pH will __________ haemoglobin’s affinity for O2.

a. decrease
b. increase
c. have no effect on

Answer 13

a. decrease

Question 14

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 14

The CO2 content of deoxgenated blood is greater than oxygenated blood.
Therefore, when blood releases O2 (becomes deoxygenated), it can take up more CO2.
Facilitates CO2 delivery to lungs.

Question 15

Increasing temperature will __________ haemoglobin’s affinity for O2.

a. decrease
b. increase
c. have no effect on

Answer 15

a. decrease

Question 16

Binding 2, 3-DPG to deoxyhaemoglobin will __________ its affinity for O2.

a. decrease
b. increase
c. have no effect on

Answer 16

a. decrease

Question 17

List the factors that regulate the rate hemoglobin binds and releases O2.

Answer 17

Partial pressure of O2 and CO2
pH
Temperature
Concentration of BPG

Question 18

What is saturated haemoglobin?

Answer 18

Saturated haemoglobin has O2 bound to all four haem portions.

Question 19

What is partially saturated haemoglobin?

Answer 19

Partially saturated haemoglobin has O2 bound to one to three haem portions.

Question 20

What percentage of bound O2 is unloaded during one circuit of systemic circulation?

Answer 20

25%